Depending on your weight goals, we either add or subtract calories from your daily calorie needs (500 calories per pound of weight change per week desired). To help you set safe weight goals during signup, we use a BMI calculator. BMI is based on the ratio of your weight to your height, and we don't allow you to set weight goals below a certain ... This Macronutrient Tracker is an excellent versatile gift for those looking to track their daily nutritional data. Keeping track of what you eat is one of the best ways to manage your weight. Macronutrient counting, is a flexible eating lifestyle that follows one simple principle: If the calories and macronutrients (protein, carbs and fats) fit within your daily targets, …Macros—short for macronutrients—include carbs, proteins, and fats. Simply put, counting macros involves tallying up how many grams of each macronutrient type you consume each day, aiming for specific targets. ... Research shows that tracking, also known as self-monitoring, can help you lose weight and keep it off long-term. 3. Raises …Daily Tracking Sheet built out for 365 consecutive days of reporting. Includes inputs for daily weigh-ins, calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, hours of sleep, and any relevant notes for a given day. Weekly Reporting Sheet built out into 52 blocks each reporting a 7 day period. Ideal for weekly check-in periods.If you are working on improving your nutrition, a macro tracking app can be a perfect tool for logging your food and keeping track of what you're eating. The term macronutrients, or macros...Carbs: Calories per day (1,600) x percentage of calories from carbs (.50) / Number of calories per gram in carbohydrates (4) = 200 grams of carbs per day. Protein: Calories per day (1,600) x ...To macronutrient requirements, you will need to first, calculate your daily calorie needs. Then, you will need to figure out your macronutrient split, for example, 40% protein, 30% carbs, and 30% fat. Lastly, you will need to calculate how many grams of each macronutrient you need to eat per day based on your calorie needs and macronutrient …Alcohol as a Macronutrient. Alcohol is often considered the fourth macronutrient, separate from protein, carbohydrates and fat. Like the other macronutrients, alcohol contains calories, 7 calories per gram. However, it can be difficult to track super accurately using many popular food tracking softwares. Track your daily food intake using Trackit - Macronutrient Nutrition Tracker. • Full access to the USDA's FoodData Central database. • Fully customize your macronutrient goals. • Calculate macronutrient and calorie goals using the built-in calculator. • Create meals, custom foods and recipes. • Easily copy meals or food items to a ... Macros (short for macronutrients) are the three categories of nutrients that make up the calories in the food you eat. The three macros are protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Each macro is measured in grams and provides energy (calories). (See table below) ... A macro diet is a dietary approach that emphasizes tracking macros, the …156-178 grams of fat. 100-150 grams of protein. To get this result, you should multiply your calorie target by each macro percentage and divide the result by the number of calories per macro gram. (Note: 1 gram of carbs = 4 calories, 1 gram of fat = …Again, the macronutrient widget helps you keep track by color-coding your values. Fiber. Dietary fiber can be soluble or insoluble. Both are carbohydrates that the human body cannot digest and therefore cannot convert into energy. Instead, soluble fiber is broken down by bacteria and insoluble fiber is excreted. Oats, nuts, beans, and lentils, …This tool will calculate your macronutrient (macro) needs by considering your daily calorie requirements and dietary preferences. It will outline the appropriate proportions and quantities of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to consume. You can monitor your macro intake in grams. Instead of tracking calories, track the grams of protein, carbs ...2. Work out your macro ratios. Once you know your calorie requirements, you can work out your macronutrient ratios. According to USDA guidelines, these are the acceptable macronutrient ...Jul 23, 2020 · If you're counting macronutrients for any diet, whether it's low carb or low, fat, you'll need to find a good food diary app. Try one of these. ... As with most food tracking apps, you can monitor ... These new tastes can be sensed in the oral cavity, but they have more influence post- than pre-ingestion. Umami, fat, kokumi, and carbohydrate tastes have been suggested as an independent category named alimentary. This narrative review will present and discuss evidence for macronutrient sensing throughout the alimentary canal and …This macronutrient’s main function is to grow, maintain, and repair your body’s tissues and, yes, muscle mass. Our bodies need 20 different amino acids, but we can produce only 11 of them. The other nine essential amino acids we need to make proteins in our body come from our food. So let’s break it down.Best Calorie Counting Apps of 2024. Lose It! Calorie Counter. 5.0. Available on iOS and Android. Free for basic, $39.99 annually for premium. Learn More. Why We Picked It. Pros & Cons.8. Cronometer. Cronometer is yet another best app to track macros. In addition to macro tracking, this application also helps with monitoring your health goals. You can use this application to monitor over 82 micronutrients, like minerals, sodium, potassium, vitamins, etc.Tracking calories and macronutrients—even without any other dietary counseling—helps people lose up to five percent of their body weight, finds research. 2 For someone who weighs 200 pounds, that’s a 10-pound weight loss. It provides maximal precision. Calorie and macro tracking aren’t 100 percent accurate, but they’re the most precise methods …Track your diet wherever you are. My Macros+ was originally create for mobile devices only, so while you get all the features you expect from a comprehensive diet tracking app, we put strong focus on making tracking your diet quick & easy . For a one time price of $2.99 you are setup for life with all the great features that My Macros+ on the ...Easy restaurant food tracking; Vast functionality for logging workouts, with over 350 exercises to choose from; MyFitnessPal is not a keto app per se, but you can easily set your macronutrient goals to sync up with the ketogenic diet. Rating: 4.7 on iOS, 4.5 on Android. Price: Free (premium version is $9.99 per month) #5: Keto Diet Manager ...Version 10.6.0. Today's ingredients are: - Choose your language (9 new languages added) - Choose your preferred theme. - Fixes to accessibility issues. - Bug fixes and performance enhancements. Please update the app to have the best experience possible. Contact [email protected] if you have any issues. Enjoy the food.My Macros+ is the only diet tracking app made by a fitness professional. Created after years of frustration with the diet apps currently available, we are proud to bring you the complete diet tracking solution. Tracking your food is quick, easy and can be done in as little as 3 taps. - HUGE food database, over 5 Million Food Items!MyFitnessPal isn't just a calorie tracking app. We're a macro tracking app, a micronutrient tracking app, and a water tracking app — all in one! (Not to mention the other goals you can track, including weight, exercise, …Calories are then broken down into three main macronutrients: Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrate. One gram of each macronutrient has a calorie value. 1 Gram of Protein = 4 Calories 1 Gram of Carbohydrate = 4 Calories 1 Gram of Fat = 9 Calories. All foods consist of macronutrients and micronutrients.Version 5.2.4. Food Tracker and Macro Tracker By Fittur is more than just a calorie counter. We pride ourselves in being the most accurate, user-friendly, simple, & powerful macro tracker in the app store. Fittur is a Next-Gen Macro Tracker with the most accurate targets, based on body fat, not BMI. Designed to help you reach your goals and ...In other words, fat loss or muscle gain can be triggered when you start tracking your macros because of the way your body utilizes them. Calorie control is the first step in changing your body. Fine-tuning your macronutrient intake is the next level up. Take this 2-minute quiz to get your personalized macro goals! Macronutrients vs. …In other words, fat loss or muscle gain can be triggered when you start tracking your macros because of the way your body utilizes them. Calorie control is the first step in changing your body. Fine-tuning your macronutrient intake is the next level up. Take this 2-minute quiz to get your personalized macro goals! Macronutrients vs. …The bottom line. MacroFactor has one of the most comprehensive nutrient goal management systems of all micronutrient tracker apps on the market. It lets you set …Best Nutrition App for Weight Loss - WW (WeightWatchers) SPECS. iPhone ratings: 4.8 stars Android ratings: 4.6 stars Price: Core version $15.00/month, Premium version $52.00/month START 30-DAY FREE TRIAL. Weight Watchers is our choice for the best nutrition app for weight loss because this program builds you a plan based on your …Microlator. Nutritrack. 1. MyFitnessPal. with in-app purchases. MyFitnessPal is a tracking app that will help you to lose weight, tone up, change your habits and get healthy. It connects with other training apps and devices, like Fitbit, Jawbone UP, Garmin, MapMyFitness, Runkeeper, Strava, and more.Step 1. Select your gender, age, goal, and body fat percentage. Step 2. Enter the measurements of your weight and height in your preferred system of units. Step 3. Select your meals per day, activity level, and protein level. Click " Calculate " to get the whole plan that includes per day values of your macros and calories.The first step to looking the way you want is to calculate your macronutrients intake, and track what you eat. This macronutrients calculator will give you our best recommendations as to how much macros you should be eating to accomplish your specific goals. This calculator will let you know how much protein, fat, and carbs you should be …Jul 27, 2022 · Counting macros, or macro tracking, refers to keeping a log of how much of each macronutrient you eat. To track your macronutrient intake, many people use apps like My Fitness Pal (or the Nutrisense app ), or even log their foods in a journal. Apps are a great option as they can easily calculate the exact breakdowns of the foods you eat. This tool will calculate your macronutrient (macro) needs by considering your daily calorie requirements and dietary preferences. It will outline the appropriate proportions and quantities of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to consume. You can monitor your macro intake in grams. Instead of tracking calories, track the grams of protein, carbs ...Counting macros is a way to track food intake using grams of protein, carbs, and fats (macronutrients) instead of calories. The advantage of focusing on macronutrients over …8. Cronometer. Cronometer is yet another best app to track macros. In addition to macro tracking, this application also helps with monitoring your health goals. You can use this application to monitor over 82 micronutrients, like minerals, sodium, potassium, vitamins, etc.Recommended by many nutritionists, Lose It! is an easy way to track edibles and also connect with food-conscious friends. Plus, Apple users are in luck — you can quickly build your Lose It profile by syncing with the HealthKit available on iOS 8. Within the Lose It! app, review your macronutrient breakdown by tapping the “Nutrients” tab.156-178 grams of fat. 100-150 grams of protein. To get this result, you should multiply your calorie target by each macro percentage and divide the result by the number of calories per macro gram. (Note: 1 gram of carbs = 4 calories, 1 gram of fat = …Macronutrient tracking can be a tedious and difficult task. Therefore, we have collected our list of the best keto apps for tracking your daily intake. This article will help you decide what is the best keto app for your dietary needs. Best keto app: shortlist. Cronometer Individual — best keto tracker app for tracking nutrients; MyFitnessPal — …Our Daily Nutrient Intake Tracking and Optimization template is here to empower you on your journey. With this Notion template, you can effortlessly track your daily and weekly nutrient intake, set personalized targets, and optimize your diet for improved well-being. Categories. Nutrition. Food & Nutrition.Download now and start your journey towards a healthier you! Main features: - Calculate your caloric needs. - Calculate your macronutrients. - Customize your macronutrients according to your goal. - Food diary with simple tools for easy and fast logging of food intake. - Charts to help you build healthy habits and see progress over time.Cronometer is an excellent macronutrient tracking tool because it helps you count “net carbohydrates.”. Net carbohydrates represent the total carb count minus the grams of fiber in a particular food. For example, a medium-sized banana has a total carbohydrate count of 27 grams, with 3 grams of fiber. Therefore, the net carbs would be ...156-178 grams of fat. 100-150 grams of protein. To get this result, you should multiply your calorie target by each macro percentage and divide the result by the number of calories per macro gram. (Note: 1 gram of carbs = 4 calories, 1 gram of fat = 9 calories, 1 gram of protein = 4 calories)Features: Built-in keto calculator and macro tracker, keto recipe library, shopping list; Why We Chose It. This app’s features make meal planning easy and fun. ... and monthly macronutrient breakdown helps you stay on top of your nutrition. Best for Meal Planning: PlateJoy. Sign Up Now ...Best Nutrition App for Weight Loss - WW (WeightWatchers) SPECS. iPhone ratings: 4.8 stars Android ratings: 4.6 stars Price: Core version $15.00/month, Premium version $52.00/month START 30-DAY FREE TRIAL. Weight Watchers is our choice for the best nutrition app for weight loss because this program builds you a plan based on your …Carbs, Fat, Macronutrients, Protein, Quizzes & Tools. Quizzes & Tools. Free Macro Calculator. Published March 1, 2024; ... The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Manage options Manage services Manage …Jun 22, 2022 · Step 2: Know the right macronutrient ratio. Now that you know how many calories you need, you are going to need the right macronutrient ratio that suits your fitness goals. Generally, a macro ratio of 40/40/20 (carbs, protein, fat) is recommended for weight loss. However, for gaining and maintaining body weight, a ratio of 40/30/30 often works ... Nutrient Tracking in Healthie. Nutrient Tracking is an optional setting that you can enable within Healthie Journaling that will enable your clients to log nutrient data leveraging the Edamam Food …Jul 23, 2020 · If you're counting macronutrients for any diet, whether it's low carb or low, fat, you'll need to find a good food diary app. Try one of these. ... As with most food tracking apps, you can monitor ... If you’re following a strength training program, you may be interested in tracking your macronutrient intake to ensure you’re building muscle while still eating enough to fuel your workouts. Using the guide mentioned earlier, it is recommended you divide your daily calories into a macronutrient split of fats (20-35%), carbs (45-65%) and …Wearable Awareness Through Continuous Hidrosis (WATCH) sensor is a sweat based monitoring platform that tracks cortisol and glucose for the purpose of understanding metabolic responses related to macronutrient consumption.In this research article, we have demonstrated the ability of tracking these two biomarkers in passive …Offers a calorie counter, food log, macronutrient tracker, and diet plans. MyPlate Calorie Counter – AppStore & GooglePlay (Free; in-app purchases) Features a food database (over 2 million items) and a barcode scanner, to enable food tracking. Also features customisable meal plans with reminders; exercise tracker and weight tracker. …Features: Built-in keto calculator and macro tracker, keto recipe library, shopping list; Why We Chose It. This app’s features make meal planning easy and fun. ... and monthly macronutrient breakdown helps you stay on top of your nutrition. Best for Meal Planning: PlateJoy. Sign Up Now ...BMR, TDEE, CUT and GAIN estimations : ONLY FILL THE YELLOW FIELDS! (FOR ALL TABS) *New: Body Composition Calculator (beta)156-178 grams of fat. 100-150 grams of protein. To get this result, you should multiply your calorie target by each macro percentage and divide the result by the number of calories per macro gram. (Note: 1 gram of carbs = 4 calories, 1 gram of fat = … Lifesum - Diet Plan, Macro Calculator & Food Diary. 8. Carb Manager: Keto Diet Tracker & Macros Counter. 9. Stupid Simple Macros IIFYM Tracker. 10. MacrosFirst - Macro tracking made easy. But with so many choices, it’s easy to feel confused. Which is why we have made a list of the best macro tracking apps of 2021that are free to use. Discover your daily macronutrient needs using Forbes Health's free macro calculator backed by experts and based on age, activity level and bodyweight goals.Best Calorie Counting Apps of 2024. Lose It! Calorie Counter. 5.0. Available on iOS and Android. Free for basic, $39.99 annually for premium. Learn More. Why We Picked It. Pros & Cons.Oct 16, 2023 · Best for: Spanners focused on intermittent fasting while also tracking calories. Number of reviews (score) Apple App Store: 29,400 (4.7) Google Play Store: 512,000 (4.2) Yazio is a fairly feature-rich food-and-exercise-tracker app that lets you set both weight loss and weight gain as goals. The bottom line. MacroFactor has one of the most comprehensive nutrient goal management systems of all micronutrient tracker apps on the market. It lets you set …Oct 16, 2023 · Best for: Spanners focused on intermittent fasting while also tracking calories. Number of reviews (score) Apple App Store: 29,400 (4.7) Google Play Store: 512,000 (4.2) Yazio is a fairly feature-rich food-and-exercise-tracker app that lets you set both weight loss and weight gain as goals. How to Track Nutrient Goals on the Dashboard screen. 1. Open the Lose It! app. 2. Select the Dashboard tab (bottom left corner) 3. Select the Gear Icon (Android) or Edit (iOS) in the top right corner of the screen. 4. Select the (+) icon to the right of the Nutrient to add it to the Dashboard. Oct 12, 2023 · MacrosFirst. Yes, outstanding database. Yes, it's the best free macro tracking app hands down. $6.67/mo (use code FHM10 for 10% off annual subscription) Free barcode scanner, adjust food portions based on macros, export data to excel sheet, customizable daily macro goals. myfitnesspal. This Macronutrient Tracker is an excellent versatile gift for those looking to track their daily nutritional data. Keeping track of what you eat is one of the best ways to manage your weight. Macronutrient counting, is a flexible eating lifestyle that follows one simple principle: If the calories and macronutrients (protein, carbs and fats) fit within …Get the nutrition lowdown on all your meals and everything in between. Find out the calories, carbs, fat, fiber, and more in over 37,000 foods and drinks. Whether you're eating out or dining in ...Oct 14, 2018 · The three macronutrients to keep track of are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Macronutrient recommendations vary depending on many factors. How to count them. BMR, TDEE, CUT and GAIN estimations : ONLY FILL THE YELLOW FIELDS! (FOR ALL TABS) *New: Body Composition Calculator (beta)Counting macros, tracking macros, IIFYM—if it fits your macros. In the last few years, it seems our attention has shifted at least somewhat from calories to macronutrients, particularly when it ...Jan 7, 2023 · Each of these macronutrients has a caloric value: Protein has 4 calories per 1 gram. Carbohydrates have 4 calories per 1 gram. Fat has 9 calories per 1 gram. So, in order to hit your fitness goal, it’s important that you track the food that you and hit specific calorie and macro goals every day. In other words, track your macros. Wearable Awareness Through Continuous Hidrosis (WATCH) sensor is a sweat based monitoring platform that tracks cortisol and glucose for the purpose of understanding metabolic responses related to macronutrient consumption.In this research article, we have demonstrated the ability of tracking these two biomarkers in passive …My Macros+ is the only diet tracking app made by a fitness professional. Created after years of frustration with the diet apps currently available, we are proud to bring you the complete diet tracking solution. Tracking your food is quick, easy and can be done in as little as 3 taps. - HUGE food database, over 5 Million Food Items!Macro trackers make it easy to see and keep track of your daily calories and macronutrients (grams of carbs, fat and protein) with a food diary. Most are …Macro tracking helps you understand what food your body needs, including proteins, carbs, and fat, and how much. Tracking your macro nutrition intake is …View the Nutrition Facts Google Spreadsheet Here. When using Google Docs you need to go to "File" then "Make a Copy" to edit the file. This will also be easier if you have a google account (gmail account). Click to Download the Excel file (.xlsx) File size: 6.8 MB. The default serving size for the spreadsheet is 100 grams.Version 5.2.4. Food Tracker and Macro Tracker By Fittur is more than just a calorie counter. We pride ourselves in being the most accurate, user-friendly, simple, & powerful macro tracker in the app store. Fittur is a Next-Gen Macro Tracker with the most accurate targets, based on body fat, not BMI. Designed to help you reach your goals and ...Macros—short for macronutrients—include carbs, proteins, and fats. Simply put, counting macros involves tallying up how many grams of each macronutrient type you consume each day, aiming for specific targets. ... Research shows that tracking, also known as self-monitoring, can help you lose weight and keep it off long-term. 3. Raises …
You can then add or remove sheets as you see fit! The possibilities are endless! FREE Printable Meal Tracker Template Supplies: Printer Paper, A5 Printer Paper; A Good Color Printer (This one is wireless, sleek, well-reviewed and can auto-feed sheets for printing up to 10-pages at once.); A 3-hole punch for regular-sized binders or a 6-hole …. Stamps.ccom
Daily Tracking Sheet built out for 365 consecutive days of reporting. Includes inputs for daily weigh-ins, calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, hours of sleep, and any relevant notes for a given day. Weekly Reporting Sheet built out into 52 blocks each reporting a 7 day period. Ideal for weekly check-in periods.40 percent of your calories are devoted to your carbohydrate intake. 2000 x 0.4 = 800 calories. There are 4 calories/gram of carbs, so the total amount is 200 grams of carbohydrates (800÷4=200 ...Tracker Network provides stats, global and regional leaderboards and much more to gamers around the world. Analyze how you play your favorite games and discover how you can get better. Fortnite Valorant Apex Legends Destiny 2 Call of Duty Rainbow Six League of Legends Counter-Strike 2 Teamfight Tactics Battlefield PUBG Rocket League Soul … Our macro calculator will provide you with a custom nutrition plan—complete with macros, calories, and portions—personalized for your body and your goals. Calculate your Macros for free: Get started. Calculating MacrosMade Easy. The three macronutrients to keep track of are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Macronutrient recommendations vary depending on many factors. How to …One interesting aspect is the link with the new and emerging tastes to macronutrients, with each macronutrient having two distinct perceptual qualities that, perhaps in combination, provide a holistic perception for each macronutrient: fat has fat taste and mouthfeel; protein has umami and kokumi; carbohydrate has sweet and …Version 10.6.0. Today's ingredients are: - Choose your language (9 new languages added) - Choose your preferred theme. - Fixes to accessibility issues. - Bug fixes and performance enhancements. Please update the app to have the best experience possible. Contact [email protected] if you have any issues. Enjoy the food.Valorant Tracker - The largest Valorant Stats and most complete Tracking site! Here you can track your Valorant Stats, view your Valorant Ranks, progression, match history, and more! Your Valorant Profile also has all your agents and weapon usage! View our Valorant Database to see all the best weapons, reviewed by players like you.When you track macros, you’re also tracking your calorie intake. That’s because your macronutrient goals are calculated based on your overall energy needs. In other words, your macro goals ...Jan 4, 2024 · Our Picks for the Best Macro Tracker Apps of 2024: Best Overall Macro Tracker App: Cronometer. Best Macro Tracker Alternative: Noom. Best Meal Delivery Service to Meet Macros: Diet-to-Go. Best ... Jun 22, 2022 · Step 2: Know the right macronutrient ratio. Now that you know how many calories you need, you are going to need the right macronutrient ratio that suits your fitness goals. Generally, a macro ratio of 40/40/20 (carbs, protein, fat) is recommended for weight loss. However, for gaining and maintaining body weight, a ratio of 40/30/30 often works ... Track your daily food intake using Trackit - Macronutrient Nutrition Tracker. • Full access to the USDA's FoodData Central database. • Fully customize your macronutrient goals. • Calculate macronutrient and calorie goals using the built-in calculator. • Create meals, custom foods and recipes. • Easily copy meals or food items to a ... 2. Convert Calorie Counts to Macronutrients. Once you know your calorie targets, you can allocate these calories towards macronutrients based on the ratio you are following. Most often times the macronutrient distribution ranges are 45–65% of your daily calories from carbs, 20–35% from fats and 10–35% from protein.Oct 16, 2023 · Best for: Spanners focused on intermittent fasting while also tracking calories. Number of reviews (score) Apple App Store: 29,400 (4.7) Google Play Store: 512,000 (4.2) Yazio is a fairly feature-rich food-and-exercise-tracker app that lets you set both weight loss and weight gain as goals. Step 4: Count Your Macros. Here is an example of how to calculate the macronutrients required for a 2000-calorie diet: Let's say you choose a ratio of 50% carbs, 30% proteins, and 20% fat. You need 50% of 2000 calories = 1000 calories from carbohydrates per day. At four calories per gram, you need 250g of carbs.If you’re following a strength training program, you may be interested in tracking your macronutrient intake to ensure you’re building muscle while still eating enough to fuel your workouts. Using the guide mentioned earlier, it is recommended you divide your daily calories into a macronutrient split of fats (20-35%), carbs (45-65%) and …Jul 27, 2022 · Counting macros, or macro tracking, refers to keeping a log of how much of each macronutrient you eat. To track your macronutrient intake, many people use apps like My Fitness Pal (or the Nutrisense app ), or even log their foods in a journal. Apps are a great option as they can easily calculate the exact breakdowns of the foods you eat. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts. However, their impact on a body’s health are critical, and deficiency in any of them can cause severe and even life-threatening conditions. They perform a range of functions, including enabling the body to produce enzymes, hormones and other substances …The three macronutrients to keep track of are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Macronutrient recommendations vary depending on many factors. How to …Feb 14, 2022 · Log exercise, vitamins and supplements, and water intake. Track your calories, protein, carbs, cholesterol, and up to 82 different micronutrients. Allows you to track body weight and other biometric data, including body measurements, heart and blood pressure data, and blood and urine lab results. Depending on your weight goals, we either add or subtract calories from your daily calorie needs (500 calories per pound of weight change per week desired). To help you set safe weight goals during signup, we use a BMI calculator. BMI is based on the ratio of your weight to your height, and we don't allow you to set weight goals below a certain ... .