Mandarin chinese english translator - Chinese Translation services Canada: certified translator chinese, english and french: Based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada C-Mandarin is specialized in Chinese translation, certified translation, interpretation and DTP services. Certified translator chinese to english for your immigration and study plans in Canada.

 
Hire as soon as you’re ready. 3. Collaborate easily. Use Upwork to chat or video call, share files, and track project progress right from the app. 4. Payment simplified. Receive invoices and make payments through Upwork. Only pay for work you authorize. Hire the best freelance Chinese to English Translators in India on Upwork™, the world .... How to overlay pictures

By far the largest, most authoritative and up-to-date single-volume Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionary in print, the Oxford Chinese Dictionary is the result of a remarkable collaboration of scholars working in Oxford, Hong Kong, and mainland China. It has been produced using the latest lexicographic methods and is based on …Mar 15, 2024 · 10. Best Chinese-to-English Translator: Baidu Translate Available on: iOS. Baidu Translate excels at Chinese to English, but not the other way around. This app is designed for native Mandarin Chinese speakers who need to communicate in English. To get a translation, users simply speak Chinese into the app. The Chinese will be transcribed into ... Tip 3: Pin to your desktop. There’s a really cool feature that allows you to pin the translation to your desktop. If you want to learn those words, you can keep them there to check back on without going to your ‘favourites’ list. From the pinned translation, you can right click on the character or pinyin and do a multitude of tasks ...in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to Mandarin as "朋友你好!. ". You can use our English translator to translate a whole English sentence to Mandarin or just a single word, you can also use English to Mandarin translation online tool as a personal English dictionary tool to get the meaning of Mandarin words.Over 75,000 translations • Conjugates thousands of English verbs • Hundreds of usage notes and examples • No internet connection required. Carry a dependable Mandarin Chinese and English reference everywhere you go with the Collins Pro Mandarin Chinese-English Translation Dictionary. This app contains dictionary data from …Translate a sentence: English to Chinese dictionary with Mandarin Pinyin & Handwriting Recognition - learn Chinese faster with MDBG!English translations. new, newly, up-to-date. Chinese character and stroke order animation. : speed: 2. The traditional Chinese characters of xīn are identical with the modern (simplified) characters displayed above. Character complexity. 新 is composed of 13 strokes and therefore is of average complexity compared to the other simplified ... The most popular languages for translation. Translate from English to Chinese online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your English to Chinese translations today and experience seamless communication! Though, it supports only English, Spanish, French, German, and Chinese (Mandarin) in the offline mode for voice translations. Download For: iOS. Android. 05. of 06. Speak & Translate: Best Freemium App With a Simple Interface. What We Like. ... The offline mode can translate ten languages that include Mandarin. You will have to …zhuǎn yì. to translate (to another language) to convert. 飜. fān. variant of 翻 to turn over to flip over to overturn to translate to decode. 通 译 Trad. 通 譯. tōng yì. (old) to translate to interpret translator interpreter.Free English to Chinese (Simplified) translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences.Course Overview. The MA in Chinese-English Translation and Language is available if you are a first language Mandarin speaker from China, interested in an applied language career such as translating and teaching English or Chinese as a foreign language. This course gives you language-specific skills in translation studies and applied linguistics.Win-win: 5 Engaging Chinese Parallel Texts with English Translations. “Lost in Reverie”. “Mandarin Chinese: Haiku Reader Series”. “Learn Chinese with Bilingual Stories”. “Contemporary Chinese Short … Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos. BEAUTIFUL translations: 美丽的,漂亮的, 美好的;极好的, 仁慈的. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary.Translate. About. Policy. Term. Contact. (+84) 976 696 764. [email protected]. Free Chinese translation: translate Traditional Chinese to Simplified Chinese, translate Chinese to English, and more than 80 other languages.The stubby pines. About:This Chinese poem about love was written by Su Shi around 1075 and is about a dream he once had about his wife, Wang Fu, who he married in 1054 but unfortunately died just 11 years later. He loved and missed his wife so much that he composed this poem to express his feelings and longing for her.CTS is a specialist Chinese translation company focusing solely on professional Mandarin Chinese translation services with offices in the USA, China, and EU. [email protected] +1 212 203 0493; ... When an English document is translated into Chinese, it contracts by 33% in volume. This is something to keep in mind if the …PONS Translate – All in one: Text translator and dictionary are combined in this app. No matter if a word or text is typed, spoken or in a photo – get quick and reliable Chinese ⇄ English translations with the app for Android and iOS. PONS Vocabulary Trainer app: Download the app and practise your Chinese - English vocabulary offline ...Be fluent in Mandarin and English, with at least one term of college English completed. Students will complete these courses to earn the certificate. MAND 51: Introduction to Translation and Interpreting (4.5 units) MAND 52: Mandarin Grammar and Composition (4.5 units) MAND 53: Mandarin/English Linguistics Analysis (4.5 units)Mar 15, 2024 · 10. Best Chinese-to-English Translator: Baidu Translate Available on: iOS. Baidu Translate excels at Chinese to English, but not the other way around. This app is designed for native Mandarin Chinese speakers who need to communicate in English. To get a translation, users simply speak Chinese into the app. The Chinese will be transcribed into ... English-Chinese translation search engine, English words and expressions translated into Chinese with examples of use in both languages. Conjugation for Chinese verbs, pronunciation of English examples, English-Chinese phrasebook. Download our app to keep history offline. Discover and learn these English words with Reverso Context. Interpreter Yang We focus on our specialty: certified Chinese translation services with a focus on Chinese English translation and English Chinese translation. Our projects (certified translation from English to Chinese or certified translation from Chinese to English) have been well received by our customers. The Collins Mandarin Chinese online dictionary offers you: Up-to-date coverage of today’s language. Over 90,000 translations of Mandarin Chinese and English. Pinyin included throughout. Simplified and traditional Chinese characters. Hundreds of useful phrases, idioms and examples. Audio and video pronunciations. If a feature makes video editing simpler, the chances are: you can do it with VEED. Upload File. Translate Chinese to English with VEED, first uploading a file to the online video editor, then selecting ‘Subtitles’ > ‘Auto Subtitles,’ and selecting Chinese. Next, navigate to ‘Translate’ > ‘Add new language,’ and choose English.Baidu scores higher in the accuracy department for Chinese-to-English translations than English-to-Chinese ones since it was designed for this primary purpose. The Baidu app also allows you to key in words using the voice or camera function on top of the standard text input. Price: Baidu Translate is free to use.German to English Police Clearance Certificate. We’re available 24/7 for all of your urgent requests. Call now, 1-800-969-6853, to get your free quote in less than 10 minutes! We promise the most accurate, highest quality certified translation services, localization services, and interpreting solutions in the industry. 認識. Chinese Pinyin example sentence with 认识 ( renshi / rènshi ) ⓘ. Renshi ni, wo hen gaoxing. Rènshi nĭ, wŏ hĕn gāoxìng. – English translation: I am happy to get to know you. Topic. (no topic assigned) Tags and additional information. (Meaning of individual characters, character components etc.) 2. Select "Mandarin". We currently support translating from Mandarin to English, Spanish, French, German, Mandarin, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Italian, Japanese, and Polish. 3. Choose "Transcription" or "Subtitles". To translate your video, we first need to transcribe it. Depending on the format that you want to export, choose "Subtitles" if ...This paper presents BSTC (Baidu Speech Translation Corpus), a large-scale Chinese-English speech translation dataset. This dataset is constructed based on a collection of licensed videos of talks or lectures, including about 68 hours of Mandarin data, their manual transcripts and translations into English, as well as automated transcripts …English translations. middle, between, in, in the course of, among, average, center, inside, to fit for, centre. Chinese character stroke order animation. : speed: 2. The traditional Chinese characters of zhōng are identical with the modern (simplified) characters displayed above. Chinese Pinyin example sentence with 中 ( zhong / zhōng ) ⓘ.Explore top-tier Chinese translation services in Singapore with Asian Absolute. Expert solutions for Mandarin and other Chinese dialects, tailored for your business needs. Contact us today! +65 9385 5025 [email protected]. Facebook; ... English, Tamil, and Mandarin Chinese.Machine Translation. 5 Best Machine Translation Tools for Chinese to English Translation. # ChatGPT. # Baidu Fanyi (Translate) Pros and Cons for Using Baidu Fanyi in China. # Google Translate. Pros and Cons for Using Google Translate in China. # Bing Translator. # Yandex Translate.Free English to Chinese (Simplified) translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences.Swedish. Turkish. Ukrainian. Chinese. Arabic. Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day.Be fluent in Mandarin and English, with at least one term of college English completed. Students will complete these courses to earn the certificate. MAND 51: Introduction to Translation and Interpreting (4.5 units) MAND 52: Mandarin Grammar and Composition (4.5 units) MAND 53: Mandarin/English Linguistics Analysis (4.5 units)Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, find translations of your word from English to Mandarin ChineseOver 75,000 translations • Conjugates thousands of English verbs • Hundreds of usage notes and examples • No internet connection required. Carry a dependable Mandarin Chinese and English reference everywhere you go with the Collins Pro Mandarin Chinese-English Translation Dictionary. This app contains dictionary data from …Chinese Translation services Canada: certified translator chinese, english and french: Based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada C-Mandarin is specialized in Chinese translation, certified translation, interpretation and DTP services. Certified translator chinese to english for your immigration and study plans in Canada.Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, find translations of your word from English to Mandarin ChineseSFU offers the only legal interpretation and translation certificate program in Canada. In only 10 months part-time, you’ll graduate ready to work as an in-demand Mandarin Chinese/English translator or interpreter specializing in the legal field. You’ll also be well prepared for the exam to be nationally certified as a court interpreter.translate.google.com. Google’s translate service can translate entire websites using a URL, or translate an unlimited sized text pasted into it. It is now very …The selected Chinese translator apps were featured into 3 categories, text translation, photo translation, and voice translation. Pleco (Featured: Text; Android, IOS) Although technically not a Chinese ‘translator app’, I think this dictionary is perfect for students and even use it myself in my daily life.Yandex Translate is a free online translation tool that allows you to translate text, documents, and images in over 90 languages. In addition to translation, Yandex … Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, find translations of your word from English to Mandarin Chinese Lionbridge is a leading provider of English to Chinese translation services. With thousands of professional English to Chinese translators located worldwide, no other translation company can provide fast and high-quality Chinese business translation at a more competitive rate. We currently deliver hundreds of Chinese translation projects …Millions translate with DeepL every day. Popular: English to Chinese, English to French and Chinese to English. Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day.DUTY translations: 责任, 责任;义务, 税, 税;(尤指进口)关税. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary.May 24, 2022 · For IOS, Android, and web browser. Price: Free. 2. Yandex. Speaking of Google Translate, another commonly-used app to translate English to Mandarin (and vice versa) is Yandex, a translation software that relies mainly on information from Google Translate and Bing to produce understandable translations. Translators ». Mandarin to English Translators. $50/hr. Xin T. Mandarin to English Translator. 4.9/5. (360 jobs) Translation Mandarin English. Simultaneous Interpreting. Chinese to English Translation.Simply upload your image or photo, select the text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. With support for over 90 languages, … Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, translate your word from English to Mandarin Chinese Searches can be conducted by Chinese (using either the GB, Big5, or Unicode encodings), pinyin, or English. Results will show the Chinese word, the pinyin representation of the word, and the English definition. You can choose to have the Chinese characters appear as GIF pictures. You can also click on the pinyin to hear how it is pronounced.Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...Choose SYSTRAN for Chinese English translation. Communicate instantly in foreign languages: Try SYSTRAN free translation website with more than 50 languages, including a chinese to English translator. For professional use or even more accurate translation, SYSTRAN is also the first online translator to propose domain-specific translation.German to English Police Clearance Certificate. We’re available 24/7 for all of your urgent requests. Call now, 1-800-969-6853, to get your free quote in less than 10 minutes! We promise the most accurate, highest quality certified translation services, localization services, and interpreting solutions in the industry.Mar 3, 2020 · The selected Chinese translator apps were featured into 3 categories, text translation, photo translation, and voice translation. Pleco (Featured: Text; Android, IOS) Although technically not a Chinese ‘translator app’, I think this dictionary is perfect for students and even use it myself in my daily life. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Chinese Translation services Canada: certified translator chinese, english and french: Based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada C-Mandarin is specialized in Chinese translation, certified translation, interpretation and DTP services. Certified translator chinese to english for your immigration and study plans in Canada.English to Chinese Translation Mandarin Dialect Chinese See more Tagolog/Chinese/ Japanese Voiceover Translator for Youtube Videos Fixed-price ‐ Posted 24 days ago $45 Fixed-price. Intermediate Experience level. Looking for Male Voiceover artist to translate English Youtube videos to Chinese, Japanese, and Tagalog. ...The selected Chinese translator apps were featured into 3 categories, text translation, photo translation, and voice translation. Pleco (Featured: Text; Android, IOS) Although technically not a Chinese ‘translator app’, I think this dictionary is perfect for students and even use it myself in my daily life. Translate. About. Policy. Term. Contact. (+84) 976 696 764. [email protected]. Free Chinese translation: translate Traditional Chinese to Simplified Chinese, translate Chinese to English, and more than 80 other languages. English translations. new, newly, up-to-date. Chinese character and stroke order animation. : speed: 2. The traditional Chinese characters of xīn are identical with the modern (simplified) characters displayed above. Character complexity. 新 is composed of 13 strokes and therefore is of average complexity compared to the other simplified ... Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos. English translations. new, newly, up-to-date. Chinese character and stroke order animation. : speed: 2. The traditional Chinese characters of xīn are identical with the modern (simplified) characters displayed above. Character complexity. 新 is composed of 13 strokes and therefore is of average complexity compared to the other simplified ...BEAUTIFUL translations: 美丽的,漂亮的, 美好的;极好的, 仁慈的. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. Wildcard matches for Chinese or pinyin (just enter * in place of zero or more Chinese characters or pinyin syllables). Integrated with character dictionary and etymology. English searches. Returns fewer, more relevant results compared to the competition. Did you mean? suggestions for likely typos. Words found even if entered in conjugated or ... English-Chinese translation search engine, English words and expressions translated into Chinese with examples of use in both languages. Conjugation for Chinese verbs, pronunciation of English examples, English-Chinese phrasebook. Download our app to keep history offline. Discover and learn these English words with Reverso Context.Spoken Chinese. Mandarin for Banking or Medical purposes & more ; Accommodation . Homestay 80% of LTL students choose to live with a homestay family ; ... In a nutshell this is f*ck*ng sh!t in English! The literal translation is “his mother’s.” Used day-to-day by most, you’ll hear this, even more so in the big cities.By far the largest, most authoritative and up-to-date single-volume Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionary in print, the Oxford Chinese Dictionary is the result of a remarkable collaboration of scholars working in Oxford, Hong Kong, and mainland China. It has been produced using the latest lexicographic methods and is based on …Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Pretoria Mandarin Chinese translation Services, English/Mandarin/Chinese translators for Sworn translation, Sworn/Official documents. Skip to content [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 012 321 0610; 021 427 9023; 082 938 2873; 064 619 6458; Home;This free online app powered by can translate PDF document from Chinese to English. Files translation can be converted into multiple formats, shared via email or URL and saved to your device. It can also translate files hosted on websites without downloading them to your computer. The app works on any device, including smartphones.Contact. (+84) 976 696 764. [email protected]. Free Chinese translation: translate Traditional Chinese to Simplified Chinese, translate Chinese to English, …Hire as soon as you’re ready. 3. Collaborate easily. Use Upwork to chat or video call, share files, and track project progress right from the app. 4. Payment simplified. Receive invoices and make payments through Upwork. Only pay for work you authorize. Hire the best freelance Chinese to English Translators in India on Upwork™, the world ...ba1. jiu3. shi2. bai3. qian1. wan4. yi4. While China has for many uses adopted the Arabic numeral system familiar around the world, it also still uses its native Chinese character number system. The Chinese system is also a base-10 system, but has important differences in the way the numbers are represented.Tip 3: Pin to your desktop. There’s a really cool feature that allows you to pin the translation to your desktop. If you want to learn those words, you can keep them there to check back on without going to your ‘favourites’ list. From the pinned translation, you can right click on the character or pinyin and do a multitude of tasks ...May 24, 2022 · For IOS, Android, and web browser. Price: Free. 2. Yandex. Speaking of Google Translate, another commonly-used app to translate English to Mandarin (and vice versa) is Yandex, a translation software that relies mainly on information from Google Translate and Bing to produce understandable translations. English to Chinese (Simplified) translation by Lingvanex translation software will help you to get a fulminant translation of words, phrases, and texts from English to Chinese (Simplified) and more than 110 other languages. Use Lingvanex applications to quickly and instantly translate an Chinese (Simplified) English text for free. This free online app powered by can translate PDF document from Chinese to English. Files translation can be converted into multiple formats, shared via email or URL and saved to your device. It can also translate files hosted on websites without downloading them to your computer. The app works on any device, including smartphones. CTS is a specialist Chinese translation company with offices in the USA, China, and Europe. We provide professional Chinese translation services and handle hundreds of projects each month, quickly and at scale. Our mission is to help companies in China and in the West succeed in each other’s markets, one word at a time. Our professional English to Mandarin Chinese translators have all been carefully selected through a rigorous and stringent screening process. This helps us make certain that they are the best people to handle all your various translation needs, especially when it comes to translating documents from English to Mandarin Chinese, or from Mandarin Chinese to English. Chinese Pinyin example sentence with 早上 ( zaoshang / zăoshang ) ⓘ Writing in Pinyin Before using this Pinyin example sentence, consider that Chinese characters should always be your first choice in written communication. If you cannot use Chinese characters, it is preferable to use the Pinyin with tones.Only use the Pinyin without tones if there's no …Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, translate your word from English to Traditional ChineseYou need an online machine translator to quickly translate Mandarin to English. We hope that our Mandarin to English translator can simplify your process of translation of Mandarin text, messages, words, or phrases. If you type Mandarin phrase "朋友你好!. " in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to English as ...Our platform provides a straightforward and user-friendly approach to translating English word, sentence, and paragraph into Mandarin Chinese. Just input your English text into the left text box or paste it, then press the space bar key or translate button to instantly obtain the precise English translation in the right output box.

Word dictionary Help. Look up Chinese, Pinyin or English? |. Look up All Chinese Words in a Text? English to Chinese dictionary with Mandarin Pinyin & Handwriting Recognition …. Harri hire

mandarin chinese english translator

Translate. About. Policy. Term. Contact. (+84) 976 696 764. [email protected]. Free Chinese translation: translate Traditional Chinese to Simplified Chinese, translate Chinese to English, and more than 80 other languages. Use the free Chinese ↔ English Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages. I offer translation and interpretation services between Mandarin Chinese and English. Having spent extensive time in China and Canada, I am equally proficient in these two languages, and have a deep understanding of the cultures behind them. I have a B.A. from University of Toronto, a master’s degree in conference interpreting (MCI) from York ... Pleco is simply a dictionary in its free form, which you can get through the app store. It provides a highly accurate and dependable Translated version. Moreover, when something comes to English-Chinese translation applications, every expat in China will tell you that Pleco is your best bet. 6. Naver Papago Translate.CORGI translations: 柯吉犬. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary.The Collins Mandarin Chinese online dictionary offers you: Up-to-date coverage of today’s language. Over 90,000 translations of Mandarin Chinese and English. Pinyin included throughout. Simplified and traditional Chinese characters. Hundreds of useful phrases, idioms and examples. Audio and video pronunciations.Model Type: Translation; Language(s): Source Language: Chinese; Target Language: English; License: CC-BY-4.0; Resources for more information: GitHub Repo; Uses Direct Use This model can be used for translation and …This requires input of Chinese text in the input box and then clicking the 'translate' button. Immediately, it will do the needful that will suffice for casual needs. For the reverse language pairing, the user can input text in Chinese and change the target language to English. Moreover, it is possible to listen to texts with local accents and ...Deepl is great because it gives you suggestions, but it sometimes misspells names in Pinyin. I don't think there's one translator that's the best, depends on what you translate and how you translate. E.g. breaking up paragraphs can sometimes wield a better result. I use dictionary add-on (Zhongzhong) too, because it can provide the different ...Mandarin and Cantonese. Chinese translation services in the UK. 5 Offices | 20+ Years | 98k Projects. CTS is a specialist provider of Chinese translation services, focusing exclusively on translating Mandarin and Cantonese languages. We handle hundreds of Chinese translation projects each month, quickly and at scale.Taiwanese⇒English Translator. Type or paste a Taiwanese text to be translated in the input box above. At the left column, select translators you like by clicking the check boxes, then just click the "Go"button. If you had opened several translators, click the icon to view one. Click the "Reset" button to close translators if you don't need ...zhuǎn yì. to translate (to another language) to convert. 飜. fān. variant of 翻 to turn over to flip over to overturn to translate to decode. 通 译 Trad. 通 譯. tōng yì. (old) to translate to interpret translator interpreter.Texts & Literature. • History of Chinese literature by Herbert Giles (1901) • Notes on Chinese literature with a list of translations from the Chinese into various European languages, by Alexander Wylie (1867) • LyrikLine: poems in Chinese, with translation (+ audio) → Chinese philosophy: texts of Confucianism, Taoism.Chinese Pinyin example sentence with 谢谢 ( xiexie / xièxie ) ⓘ Writing in Pinyin Before using this Pinyin example sentence, consider that Chinese characters should always be your first choice in written communication. If you cannot use Chinese characters, it is preferable to use the Pinyin with tones.Only use the Pinyin without tones if there's no …iTranslate offers great voice-to-voice real-time translations between Chinese and English for both i0s and Android devices. Not all of the 44 languages and dialects it offers have full capabilities, but luckily for us, Mandarin does. This also gives you text-to-speech translations, a personalized phrasebook and iPhone-iPhone translations.Yandex Translate is a free online translation tool that allows you to translate text, documents, and images in over 90 languages. In addition to translation, Yandex …Welcome to our free online English to Chinese translator! Our advanced translation tool uses neural network and natural language processing (NLP) technologies based on artificial intelligence to provide you with the most accurate and reliable translation to Chinese language. Our neural network-based translator uses sophisticated algorithms to ...The stubby pines. About:This Chinese poem about love was written by Su Shi around 1075 and is about a dream he once had about his wife, Wang Fu, who he married in 1054 but unfortunately died just 11 years later. He loved and missed his wife so much that he composed this poem to express his feelings and longing for her. The most popular languages for translation. Translate from English to Chinese online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your English to Chinese translations today and experience seamless communication! Refresh this page will return to the translation interface in case you get lost. Please be patient, it may take seconds to load the translator as the server is in China.. This is a two-way translator that focuses on translation between English and Chinese (Mandarin, Simplified, Traditional), and it is the technology provider for automatic translation of ….

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