Grasspad - The overall best grass puppy pad is the Fresh Patch Disposable Dog Potty with Real Grass. It’s our favorite because it is completely disposable and it’s available in three sizes: Mini – 16 inches x 12 inches. Standard – 24 inches x 16 inches. Large – 24 inches x 24 inches. The hydroponically grown sod pad is dirt-free.

 
Irish flag carrier Aer Lingus will fly nonstop between Cleveland, Ohio and Dublin, Ireland 4 times per week beginning May 19, 2023. We may be compensated when you click on product .... Visible compatible phones

Early Spring Lawn Care Tips from the Grass Pad. by Uncle | Feb 22, 2024. Early Spring Lawn Care Every spring, Mother Nature gives plant life a chance... What is a Vole? by Uncle | Feb 2, 2024. Voles are a small …Note: Grass Pad Flower and Garden Center inventory will change day to day based on the season, weather and market conditions. Each spring season, Grass Pad Flower and Garden Centers fill our tables and racks with thousands of flats of annual and perennial flowers available for retail and wholesale purchases.In a highly competitive housing market, fixer-uppers are making up a greater share of the housing market. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from M...Dog Grass Pad, 2-Pack Portable Grass Pee Pads for Dogs Washable Professional Dog Grass Mat Training Grass Pee Pad for Indoor Outdoor Porches Apartments and Grass Turf Mat Replacement (14inx18in) 3.5 out of 5 stars. 1,202. 50+ bought in past month. $20.99 $ 20. 99. Save more with Subscribe & Save. Grass Pad Inc. | 301 followers on LinkedIn. High on Grass for Over 60 Years. | Grass Pad Warehouse a retail/wholesale midwest distributor of turf seed, sod, fertilizer, trees, and nursery stock. Dog Grass Pad, 2-Pack Portable Grass Pee Pads for Dogs Washable Professional Dog Grass Mat Training Grass Pee Pad for Indoor Outdoor Porches Apartments and Grass Turf Mat Replacement (18'' x 23'') Brand: lululun. 3.7 3.7 out of …Grass Pad Nursery. Grass Pad offers a full nursery at every location. Find out more about Uncle’s favorites.HQ4US Dog Grass Pad with Foldable Dog Litter Box, Small Liner Base (23”×15”) for Balcony, 2 Artficial Grass Pee Pads for Dogs, Dog Pee Pad Holder, Potty Training . Brand: HQ4US 4LEGS. 4.1 4.1 out of 5 stars 71 ratings. 50+ bought in …Pour the solution over the soiled grass and let it sit for 5 minutes before blotting it up. Baking Soda: Simply sprinkle baking soda over the soiled area to deodorize your grass pad and absorb excess dog urine. Let it sit for 20 minutes before vacuuming. You can also mix it with water to make a baking soda paste to …See 5 photos and 1 tip from 122 visitors to Grass Pad Lee's Summit. "They laid out a whole landscape for us!"Apr 22, 2016 · Specialties: Midwest distributor for grass seed, sod, fertilizer and nursery stock. 5 convenient locations around Kansas City. Established in 1958. The First Kansas City Grass Pad opened as a sod farm on 700 acres in Farley, Missouri. No telephone, no running water, just two light bulbs, one outdoor privy, and an old dairy barn. People drove for miles to find the gravel road, the old barn and ... Dog grass pad replacement can be installed in pet play areas, yards, gardens, terraces, balconies, swimming pools, road edges, floor decorations, door mats, etc. To report an issue with this product or seller, click here. Looking for specific info? Customer reviews. 3.5 out of 5 stars. 3.5 out of 5.About this item . UNIQUE DOG POTTY GRASS PAD - The edge of the lawn is designed with a Weaving material to prevent the fake grass from falling too much, and you don't have to worry about your puppy eating fake grass by mistake. at the same time,there is no need to worry the grass mat will falling off like the other dog grass pee pads and can't …Dog Artificial Grass Mats, 2 Packs for Replacement, Pet Pee Fake Grass for Potty Training, Perfect for Indoor Outdoor Use (35.5 x 46 cm) 442. 50+ bought in past month. £1999 (£10.00/count) £18.99 with Subscribe & Save discount. Save 5% on any 4 qualifying items. FREE Delivery on your first order shipped by Amazon.In a highly competitive housing market, fixer-uppers are making up a greater share of the housing market. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from M... High Nitrogen Lawn Fertilizer. Step 4 – Loveland Renovator®, with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, helps turf recover from summer stress and feeds new grass seed. Best all-purpose lawn fertilizer for spring and fall. Renovator is an excellent starter fertilizer over new grass seed. I'm hoping this helps get her used to only pottying outside on the real grass. The grass pad looks real. It comes with two pads to alternate when you're washing the other. I let her pee on the grass pad all day and sometimes two, as she doesn't always pee in the house; only when she's home alone while I'm working. …Believe it or not, a completely "seized" engine is actually a pretty rare thing these days. Unless it's been sitting outside in a junkyard for years or you've overheated it while l... Grass Pad offers high-quality grass seed for different lawn needs and conditions in the Midwest. Learn how to choose the best grass seed for your lawn based on sun exposure, watering, drought tolerance, and traffic. Amazon.com : Petwish Small (20" x 16") Dog Grass Pad with Tray Indoor Dog Potty Grass pad for Dogs - Portable Training Pad with Tray and Artificial Grass for Dogs - Includes 12Pcs Pee Pads & a Dog Clicker. : Pet SuppliesDogs usually circle before they poo, so giving them enough space to circle makes the experience feel more natural. Our Gotta Go Grass® dog grass pad solutions consist of farm-fresh grass packs and trays, which you can buy separately or in bundles. Each grass refill measures 16x24 inches and is recommended for …Fresh Patch Large - Real Grass Pee and Potty Training Pad for Dogs Between 15 and 30 Pounds - Indoor and Outdoor Use - 24 Inches x 24 Inches. Best Real Grass. Find on Amazon. If you prefer natural ...Porch Potty Premium. The only artificial lawn pad with a self-cleaning sprinkler system, the Porch Potty also comes with a tiny red fire hydrant to further encourage dogs to go. Also included with this 20 by 50 by 7-inch model is a washable pee pad and a 14-foot drainage hose for easy cleanup. The 4 by 2-foot grass area self-drains into a ...Exposure. Deciduous/Evergreen. Bloom Time. Showing 1–20 of 57 results.In a highly competitive housing market, fixer-uppers are making up a greater share of the housing market. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from M...If perfect turf is your goal, use Grass Pad recommended two-step white grub solution. The first line of defense against white grubs is to apply systemic Long...We reviewed LendingClub personal loans, considering credit score requirements, joint applications, due dates and more. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and prom... Nitrogen Fertilizer. Step 4 – Loveland Renovator, a combination of slow and quick-release nitrogen, helps the grass recover established lawns from summer stress. Uncle’s Tip: When fall overseeding, use Renovator as a starter fertilizer for new grass seed and apply a second Renovator 4 weeks later. The Moleskine won the battle of the fancy designer notebooks by a mile last month here at Lifehacker. If you want to measure your existing Moleskine addiction—or just get an intro ...HQ4US Dog Grass Pad with Foldable Dog Litter Box, Small Liner Base (23”×15”) for Balcony, 2 Artficial Grass Pee Pads for Dogs, Dog Pee Pad Holder, Potty Training . Brand: HQ4US 4LEGS. 4.1 4.1 out of 5 stars 71 ratings. 50+ bought in …3. Ileading Grass Pad for Dogs. Ileading Grass Pad for Dogs is an artificial grass pad that is useful in potty training dogs and other purposes. The material used in this artificial grass for dogs is of high quality and you can expect the liquid to drain quickly on this grass pad without leaving odour. High Nitrogen Lawn Fertilizer. Step 4 – Loveland Renovator®, with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, helps turf recover from summer stress and feeds new grass seed. Best all-purpose lawn fertilizer for spring and fall. Renovator is an excellent starter fertilizer over new grass seed. Grass Pad is also involved in the development and maintenance of sports grounds for local schools, parks departments and universities. It provides online mulch and sod calculators. Photos. Half of the Inside Sales Area Some of the Late Aug Nursery Items Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Thanks Grass Pad ... Loveland Snowman, a winter root builder, is the most essential fertilizer to use on your lawn, particularly if you’ve never applied one. The benefits of Snowman winter root builder are best for cool-season grasses such as turf-type tall fescue grasses like Heat Wave or Macho Mix and Kentucky bluegrasses like Estate Mix or Blue Wave. Specialties: We don't sell aspirin, Cheerios or underwear. We do sell truckloads of lawn and garden supplies and always free advice. We are … The Bonner Springs Grass Pad is our newest location, having opened in 2009. We’ve been selling our top-rated grass seed and the best sod in town ever since. We sell straw bales for gardens and doghouses. The store also sells fertilizers, weed controls, flowers, trees, shrubs, bulk mulch, bulk compost, and other lawn care products, including ... “This is my Macho Mix ed lawn, from Grass Pad which has changed our landscape completely! It's nice when people walk by and say, wow, what a beautiful lawn" thanks Grass Pad for teaching an old dog new tricks!” -Joe H. -Independence, MO. Read More. Brady K – Testimonial. Grass Pad offers lawn maintenance and pasture management services. The company maintains more than four warehouses with on-site nurseries. Its warehouses stock perennial and flowering shrubs, as well as evergreen plants and trees, including arborvitae, junipers, pine and spruce. Loveland Snowman lawn winterizer fertilizer. Apply Snowman in late fall to maximize root and plant development for the early spring green up.Read more about... 5 reviews and 12 photos of Loveland Grass Pad "My dad saw this place off of the highway, so we decided to stop inside. It is such a cute, family-owned place. There are signs that say it has been here for over 50 years! I loved looking around and seeing the staff members watering plants and working with the sod. In a highly competitive housing market, fixer-uppers are making up a greater share of the housing market. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from M...The pad comes with a drainage hole that collects liquid into a collection tray for easy drainage and cleaning, and the collecting tray is easy to drain and clean. LOOBANI 35in x 23in Replacement Artificial Grass for Dogs, Potty Grass Mat with Drainage Holes, Super Easy Cleaning (1 Pack) $25.99.Grass Pad offers grass seed, sod, fertilizer, and lawn tips for DIY lawn care. Find out how to seed in the spring, prevent salt damage, get rid of moles, and more.Grass Pad is also involved in the development and maintenance of sports grounds for local schools, parks departments and universities. It provides online mulch and sod calculators. Photos. Half of the Inside Sales Area Some of the Late Aug Nursery Items Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Thanks Grass Pad ...Oct 5, 2023 ... 1pc Grass Seed Pad, Fertilizer Grass Growth Pad Heat Insulation Moisturizing Sunshade Garden Lawn Erosion Control Grass Pad (Seed Not Included).Personal Income Taxes contains articles that explain different aspects of the tax system. Learn about taxes on our Personal Income Tax Channel. Advertisement Taxes are inevitable, ...Grass Pad is also involved in the development and maintenance of sports grounds for local schools, parks departments and universities. It provides online mulch and sod calculators. Photos. Half of the Inside Sales Area Some of the Late Aug Nursery Items Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Olathe Grass Pad Warehouse Thanks Grass Pad ... 1. Measuring the Lawn. The first step to killing your lawn and starting over is to calculate the size of your lawn. Learning the dimensions of your lawn is important for estimating the correct amount of grass seed and fertilizer. A simple way to measure is to walk the perimeter, counting your steps. A typical pace is about three feet. Believe it or not, a completely "seized" engine is actually a pretty rare thing these days. Unless it's been sitting outside in a junkyard for years or you've overheated it while l...When you are ready to start overseeding, mow the lawn 1 or 2 notches lower, careful not to scalp the lawn. For a fescue or bluegrass lawn, this is about 2.5-3″ tall. Remove any debris from the yard, including any grass clippings. Grass seed needs contact with the soil, so remove anything from the lawn that’s in the way.Hardy Pampas Grass. Hardy Pampas Grass is a winter-hardy variety of Pampas Grass. Saccharum ravennae ‘Erianthus’ grows to about 5-8 feet and then sends up airy, white plumes that can reach up to 10 feet tall. One of the most popular ornamental grasses, superb as an architectural specimen or broad accent.Grass Pad’s Lawn Cal is an agricultural grade pelletized gypsum, an excellent source of calcium and sulfur for lawn or garden. Calcium is essential for healthy soil and vigorous plant growth. Used as a soil amendment, Lawn Cal reduces compaction by improving water and air penetration, which counteracts the effects of salt and other excessive elements in the … Sod is shipped in on pallets and is available for sale by the individual roll or by the pallet. We can machine load your trucks and trailers or hand load into your vehicle. Sod is stacked 50 to 54 rolls per pallet, depending on the type of harvesting machine we use to cut the sod. The average weight for one pallet of sod is 1,000 to 1,200 ... Sep 28, 2020 · The Grass Pad Story; Grass Pad Seed. Grass Seed; Grass Seed Buyer’s Guide; Heat Wave® Fescue; Heat Wave® Plus; Macho Mix™ Fescue; Estate Mix™ Bluegrass; Blue Wave® Bluegrass; Premium Shade Grass; Stadium Rye Grass; Nursery. How to Plant Trees and Shrubs; How to Plant Spring Flowering Bulbs; Bagged Mulch and Bulk Mulch; Shrubs; Trees ... Pour the solution over the soiled grass and let it sit for 5 minutes before blotting it up. Baking Soda: Simply sprinkle baking soda over the soiled area to deodorize your grass pad and absorb excess dog urine. Let it sit for 20 minutes before vacuuming. You can also mix it with water to make a baking soda paste to … 1. First, remove any heavy debris such as piles of leaves and fallen branches. Matted down leaves can suffocate the grass underneath, and as we get back to prime grass growing season, we want the grass to be ready for those warm and sunny spring days. 2. Second, mow the lawn short: Lower your mower deck one or two notches. Dec 6, 2019 ... ... GrassPad/ Have a question? Just ask Uncle! https://grasspad.wufoo.com/forms/z1qsop4c1gnbfas/ Sign up for our newsletter! https://eepurl.com ...Early Spring Lawn Care Tips from the Grass Pad. by Uncle | Feb 22, 2024. Early Spring Lawn Care Every spring, Mother Nature gives plant life a chance... What is a Vole? by Uncle | Feb 2, 2024. Voles are a small …The great thing about making money selling wood pallets is that you choose the hours you work and the clients you work with. Home Make Money One interesting way to make extra mone...Grow Points is Uncle’s Idiot Proof rewards program – Uncle’s way of giving back to our most loyal customers. Sign up for Uncle’s Grow Points and receive exclusive offers, …Dog grass pad replacement can be installed in pet play areas, yards, gardens, terraces, balconies, swimming pools, road edges, floor decorations, door mats, etc. QUICK DRAINAGE: It is constructed with highly drainage rubber backing material to maximize drainage capacity. Locations. Locations and Store Hours Grass Pad – Olathe Store Hours: Monday-Friday: 8am – 6pm Saturday: 8am – 5pm Sunday: 10am – 4pm 425 N Rawhide DriveOlathe, KS 66061 (Click for directions) 913-764-4100 Support us with your review! Grass Pad –... Grass Pad offers high-quality grass seed for different lawn needs and conditions in the Midwest. Learn how to choose the best grass seed for your lawn based on sun exposure, watering, drought tolerance, and traffic. Aug 27, 2019 ... ... GrassPad/ Have a question? Just ask Uncle! https://grasspad.wufoo.com/forms/z1qsop4c1gnbfas/ Sign up for our newsletter! https://eepurl.com ...GrassPad Home; Contact; GrassPad; Search. Cart. Item added to your cart View my cart. Check out Continue shopping. Collection: Products. Filter: Availability 0 selected Reset …Dog Artificial Grass Mats, 2 Packs for Replacement, Pet Pee Fake Grass for Potty Training, Perfect for Indoor Outdoor Use (35.5 x 46 cm) 442. 50+ bought in past month. £1999 (£10.00/count) £18.99 with Subscribe & Save discount. Save 5% on any 4 qualifying items. FREE Delivery on your first order shipped by Amazon.Crafted with a familiar, grass scent that provides your outdoor-trained pooch with an indoor potty spot. Helps transition your furry friend that goes potty inside to go outside by associating the grass scent with potty time. Provides 24-hour protection. Made with a six-layer, leak-proof system that draws fluid to the core and locks in moisture.Amazon.com : Petwish Small (20" x 16") Dog Grass Pad with Tray Indoor Dog Potty Grass pad for Dogs - Portable Training Pad with Tray and Artificial Grass for Dogs - Includes 12Pcs Pee Pads & a Dog Clicker. : Pet SuppliesHQ4US Dog Grass Pad with Foldable Dog Litter Box, Small Liner Base (23”×15”) for Balcony, 2 Artficial Grass Pee Pads for Dogs, Dog Pee Pad Holder, Potty Training . Brand: HQ4US 4LEGS. 4.1 4.1 out of 5 stars 71 ratings. 50+ bought in …Trimester means "3 months." A normal pregnancy lasts around 10 months and has 3 trimesters. Trimester means "3 months." A normal pregnancy lasts around 10 months and has 3 trimeste...The bottom of artificial grass features much more small holes, liquids can go through the grass pad quicker and won’t sit on the surface TRAINING PADS: 2 training pad included ,35.4×23.6 inches, very absorbent,leak-proof ; More pads can be bought by searching “ MEEXPAWS pee pads “ on AmazonGrass Pad Nursery Stock. Search Idiot-Proof plant selections available at Grass Pad. Learn more at this link. How to Fertilize for Healthy Trees and Shrubs. Tips …Steps 1 & 3 – PREVENT!® is the best way to kill crabgrass and green up spring lawns. Grass Pad’s spring fertilizer contains professional strength crabgrass pre-emergent. Prevent!® is formulated especially for the mid-west lawns for maximum protection against annual grassy weeds and to promote healthy grass.Some Delta SkyMiles members with birthdays coming up received an email with an offer for gifts like miles bonus, free inflight drinks, or a discount on Delta Vacations. Check your ...Dewonch Dog Artificial Grass Pad with Tray for Puppy Potty Training, Fake Turf Patch & Washable Pee Pad Pet Loo for Small and Medium Dogs, Indoor or Outdoor Use (Potty System 35.4” x 23.6”) 42 $66.99 $ 66 . 99In a highly competitive housing market, fixer-uppers are making up a greater share of the housing market. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from M...Early Spring Lawn Care Tips from the Grass Pad. by Uncle | Feb 22, 2024. Early Spring Lawn Care Every spring, Mother Nature gives plant life a chance... What is a Vole? by Uncle | Feb 2, 2024. Voles are a small …Amazon.com: Growtrax Biodegradable Grass Seed Mat, Year Round Green - 50 Sq Ft Quick Fix Roll - Growing Solution for Lawns, Dog Patches and Shade - Just Roll Water & Grow -Not Fake or Artificial Grass : Patio, Lawn & Garden2 PACKS DOG GRASS PAD: Rapid flow drainage, Not easy to fall off, Easy to clean and no smell. It is convenient for you to wash one while the other is available for use. LARGE SIZE GRASS PEE PADS FOR DOGS WITH TRAY: (41.3"X27.8"), suitable for medium and large dog, Ideal for American bulldogs, …Oct 6, 2023 · Blue Wave® Bluegrass. Blue Wave is a blend of the best elite Kentucky bluegrass available for the Midwest transition zone. Top rated Kentucky bluegrass blended for the most desirable lawn with the least effort of any turf grass. HASSLE-FREE PURCHASE! TIMELY AFTER-SALES SERVICE! Our affordable, top-quality dog grass pad with tray is on a mission to give your dog the best potty solution around. DOVCO puppy training pads include 2*artificial grass mats, 2*pee pads, 2* plastic clips, a drainage grate and base tray.At Lowe’s, we offer a variety of sod grass options, including Bermuda sod and zoysia sod, to bring your yard back to life. Before you buy, consider the time of year, your region and what sod farm the sod comes from, as these are some of the factors that can affect sod prices. The price of sod also depends on whether you buy your sod by the ... Use Max Mix to improve soil conditions when planting trees, shrubs, annuals, perennials, bare root stock, bulbs, and vegetables. Max Mix also makes excellent potting soil for outdoor pots, planters, and baskets. Uncle’s Max Mix blend is designed for use in raised vegetable gardens, rose beds, or wherever your existing soil is just not worth ... Grass Pad, 9900 F St, Omaha, NE 68127: See customer reviews, rated 5.0 stars. Browse photos and find hours, menu, phone number and more.HQ4US Dog Grass Pad with Foldable Dog Litter Box, Large Liner Base (33”×23”) for Balcony, 2 Artficial Grass Pee Pads for Dogs, Dog Pee Pad Holder, Potty Training . Brand: HQ4US 4LEGS. 4.1 4.1 out of 5 stars 83 ratings. 50+ bought in …

Learn how to prepare, seed or sod your lawn in fall to make it lush and green. Find out when to apply weed control, fertilizer and other fall lawn care tips from …. React js tutorial

grasspad

Nov 6, 2023 · Macho Mix Fescue. Improved turf-type tall fescue with 5% perennial rye grass – This is a grass seed mix that is perfect for homeowners that put low maintenance lawns at the top of their priority list. Medium Grass Potty Tray 29in x 18in . Oiyeefo Artificial grass pad tray apartment dog grass puppy training pads, realistic soft grass pad can effectively attract dogs, there is also leakage holes in the middle of the lawn, when the dog pee on the dog pad, the leak hole can timely discharge the urine to the disposable pad.The disposable …This grass pad for dogs is 25-inches-long by 20-inches-wide, providing ample space for your furry friend to relieve themselves. Use this indoor dog potty inside your home while you’re working long hours, for aging pets who struggle to make it outside, or in high rise apartments and unfriendly weather that make the trip outside unpleasant for you and … Ashlee Loper. Ashlee started at the Grass Pad in the Fall of 2000. She has worked as a cashier, receiptionist and currently works as accounts payables in the accounting department. In addition to meeting her spouse at the Grass Pad, two of her children have worked here, and she has fond memories of coming to pick out flowers at the Grass Pad in ... “The immortal Richard P. started me on my Grass Pad journey with Macho Mix, many moons ago. I have transitioned to heatwave plus over the years. Have not lost the best lawn in 5 years in my neighborhood. I try and get competition when people ask me. I always tell them...They're fantastic and I, for one, am bringing them back. Sweatbands, popular in the ’80s, now only really exist as a symbol. Just like a floppy disk lives on as the “save” icon, an...Grass Pad is a retail and wholesale distributor of premium quality turf sod, turf seed, fertilizer, lawn chemicals, mulch soils and nursery stock.50 years of...Grass pad for dogs, can effectively attract dogs, there is also leakage holes in the middle of the lawn, when the dog peeing on the pads for dogs, leakage hole can be in time to raise the urine to the tray, keep the lawn. Drainage holes are also conducive to the cleaning of the meadow, just rinse with water, clean the lawn. High Nitrogen Lawn Fertilizer. Step 4 – Loveland Renovator®, with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, helps turf recover from summer stress and feeds new grass seed. Best all-purpose lawn fertilizer for spring and fall. Renovator is an excellent starter fertilizer over new grass seed. Grass Pad’s Lawn Cal is an agricultural grade pelletized gypsum, an excellent source of calcium and sulfur for lawn or garden. Calcium is essential for healthy soil and vigorous plant growth. Used as a soil amendment, Lawn Cal reduces compaction by improving water and air penetration, which counteracts the effects of salt and other excessive elements in the …4437 reviews. The Fresh Patch Standard is 16" x 24" inches and is designed to accommodate dogs weighing less than 15 lbs. Fully disposable with no parts to clean -- simply dispose of the entire unit when a new one arrives at your doorstep. The Fresh Patch Standard is a great choice if you need a patch of dog grass for your …Learn how to prepare, seed or sod your lawn in fall to make it lush and green. Find out when to apply weed control, fertilizer and other fall lawn care tips from …Expert Installation Available. $142800. ( 309) Model# N3068R4LTCB24. MP Doors. 36 in. x 80 in. Right-Hand Inswing 4-Lite Frosted Glass Black Painted Fiberglass Prehung Front Door. Pickup. Free ship to store.Fish oil supplements may not improve ADHD symptoms, but there may be other benefits. Research says fish oil supplements do not appear to improve ADHD symptoms. But there may be oth....

Popular Topics