Vacuum former - Feb 26, 2024 · Vacuum forming is a manufacturing process used for producing plastic products for various applications. Thermoplastic sheets are heated and shaped against a mold using a vacuum, resulting in plastic components or products with relatively simple convex or concave geometries, such as: enclosures, packaging, or automotive parts.

 
Step 3: Finish Base. To finish the base I took some 1X2 and attached it around the pegboard making sure to be flush with the pegboard and not to cover up the vacuum hole in the front. I attached this with screw through the face of the boards. Then I lined the top of the 1X2's with weather stripping.. Asmr spa near me

Vacuum cleaners have come a long way since your grandma’s days of cleaning house, and one of the most popular types available today is the stick vacuum. It’s lightweight, easy to h...Vacuum forming is a widely used manufacturing process that involves shaping a thermoplastic sheet into a desired form by applying heat and vacuum pressure. It …May 19, 2018 ... Vacuum forming is a technique that is used to shape a variety of plastics. It is used to form/shape thin plastic, usually plastics such as; ...Vacuum Forming Machines. From desktop to fully automatic machines, Formech is the go-to company when it comes to vacuum forming equipment. Whether you work in film & theatre, education, automotive or aerospace industry, medical field, public sector, R&D, packaging and confectionery, signage and POS, Formech has the right solution.7 Formech - Vacuum Forming Guide The Vacuum Forming Process Clamping The clamp frame needs to be sufficiently powerful enough to ensure the plastic sheet is firmly held during the forming process. It can handle the thickest material likely to be formed on the machine – up to 6mm with a single heater and up to 10mm with the twin heater machines.Draft Angles and Part Removal. While certain part geometries can be formed without any draft angle, draft is beneficial in aiding part removal and getting consistent finish on your vacuum formed parts. For male molds, 4-5 degrees of draft is recommended. For female molds, draft recommendations are lower, at 1.5-3 …Oct 14, 2021 · Vacuum forming and pressure forming are both different types of thermoforming processes. The main difference between pressure forming and vacuum forming is the number of molds that are used. Vacuum forming is the simplest type of plastic thermoforming, that uses one mold and vacuum pressure to obtain the desired part geometry. Large vacuum formers are super awesome, but can't just be purchased like other equipment. Bill teaches you how to make your very own large vacuum former usin...About the FormBox. Make molds instantly with the Mayku FormBox, a table-top vacuum former. Just plug in your home vacuum, place an object on the forming bed and create an instant mold. The industrial grade suction power gives you intricate detail while reducing your costs to just £1 per mold. 「Intelligent operation system not only greatly improves the yield rate, but also transforms the complicated vacuum forming into a convenient tool that can be easily used. In addition, the variety of materials used and the recyclability make the equipment more flexible.」- IFSFXartmaker Founder- Victor Chang FORMART 2 Exclusive Ask a Thermoforming Engineer. CW Thomas is a thermoforming company that provides thermoforming products and ABS vacuum forming for production and custom manufacturing. Request a quote today! Formech’s automatic HD & TF series earned an international reputation for cost effective and reliable vacuum forming across a wide range of prototyping, testing and production applications. Appreciated for ease of use, efficiency and compact footprint Formech’s HD Series is easy to accommodate and quick to commission. …93.7 x 45.7 in. Depth of draw. 23.6 in. Sheet size. 96.1 x 48 in. Compare. View all Vacuum Forming Machines. Formech is a designer & manufacturer of vacuum forming machines. Browse our range of compact desktop to fully automatic production vacuum machines. Choose from our selection of vacuum formers in a wide range of styles and sizes. In stock and ready to ship. Oct 14, 2021 · Vacuum forming and pressure forming are both different types of thermoforming processes. The main difference between pressure forming and vacuum forming is the number of molds that are used. Vacuum forming is the simplest type of plastic thermoforming, that uses one mold and vacuum pressure to obtain the desired part geometry. Sep 27, 2011 ... A simple, easy to follow video illustrating the process of using a common vacuum former found in schools. The video also notes the ...Vacuum Former Thermoforming Machine for 12" Plastic Sheets Forming Box / Table. Opens in a new window or tab. Brand New. $84.99. philbysfinest (1,048) 98.2%. Buy It Now +$21.99 shipping. 51 sold. Sponsored. FORMV 18x24in 460x610mm, Thermoforming , Vacuum forming machine, Vacuum former. Opens in a new window or tab.The Formech 508DT Vacuum Former is a plastic molding machine that utilizes heat and a vacuum to stretch heated plastic over a mold. The vacuum former is great for thin plastic molds, although there are some limitations on the shape and size. The max dimensions for the mold are 17”x19” with a depth of 7.3".C R Clarke - 725FLB 230V - C R Clarke 725FLB 230V Vacuum Former - The C R Clarke 725FLB quickly, efficiently and consistently produces professional, high.Dental lab’s can make this vacuum former their go-to for any custom-fit laminates for mouthguards, custom trays, base plates, temporary splints, bruxism splints, and copings. Our line of dental vacuum forming machines go hand-in-hand with any of our industry-leading thermoplastics, especially Pro-Form mouthguard laminates. Vaccum forming machine 3d map luggage auto parts heaters formech blister plastic vacuum forming machines for sale south africa. new. Manufacturer: disen Note: This quotation is a custom deposit, which can be customized according to customer requirements, please contact the salesperson for details. SKU: RM-FORM-002. $5,400.00. Only 1 unit left. Mayku Mayku FormBox Desktop Vacuum Forming Machine. SKU: RB-Mku-03. $652.40. Only 1 unit left. Vacuum forming machines are used to create thin shells out of plastic. Applications can include anything from moulds or blister packaging to lightweight robot body parts.Knowing how to troubleshoot issues with your vacuum cleaner is one sure way of extending its service life and getting the most bang for your buck. It does suck to have a vacuum cle...5 times more forming power than ShopVac powered machines. Uses ordinary parts and a wood cabinet. Features a built in 110 volt oven and powerful vacuum system. Is the largest size you can run on a residential house 120 volt circuit. Form up to 1/4 inch thick plastic sheets. Supports sheet size is 12 x18 inches or smaller and …Feb 27, 2019 ... How to Make a Vacuum Former · You can download all the 3D printable parts from Thingiverse. · Print one vacuum cork. · Print two dowel caps.Vacuum forming allows for the production of complex shapes and intricate details, ensuring a perfect fit and finish for automotive parts. Additionally, vacuum former machines are employed in the production of exterior components like grilles, spoilers, and body panels, providing lightweight and durable solutions. Medical and Healthcare Industry93.7 x 45.7 in. Depth of draw. 23.6 in. Sheet size. 96.1 x 48 in. Compare. View all Vacuum Forming Machines. Formech is a designer & manufacturer of vacuum forming machines. Browse our range of compact desktop to fully automatic production vacuum machines.Formech 508DT vacuum former. Featuring PLC touch screen control, Formech’s plug 'n' play 508DT is a user-friendly desktop machine with the power and capability to form demanding shapes and materials. Click here to watch the desktop models in action. Download spec sheetRobot vacuums are a boon for the modern household. They’ll clean your house in minutes with very little effort on your end. That’s right: no more pushing a traditional vacuum or st...Service kit for replacing silicon seal on the CR Clarke 1210 Vacuum Former. Service kit includes: silicone seal, platen seal, adhesive, and primer. NOTE: If your machine is not performing well, the filter may also need replacing. Service Kit for 1210 vacuum forming machine (490-156 & 490-157). Includes Silicone Seal & Platen Seal.May 23, 2012 ... The air system I showed earlier came next. The pump evacuates an air tank, and the amount of vacuum in the tank is shown on the gauge at the ... In vacuum forming, thermoplastic sheet, 0.60–13 mm thick, is clamped over a female die impression. The sheet is heated, in situ, by either infrared, quartz lamps, ovens or resistance heaters, to temperatures in the range 115–165˚C. A vacuum is created below the heated sheet in the mould cavity. Atmospheric pressure pushes down the sheet ... Attach the vacuum. Firmly push the vacuum hose or adapter into the hole on the side of the former. 3. Gather your materials. Cut your desired thermoplastic into 6 inch square sheets. Choose or 3d print shapes to be formed. 4. Place the objects to be molded on the platen (top).Some common Shark vacuum problems include loss of suction and whistling noises from the filter. Other problems include broken or worn out belts. The exact type of common problem de...The World’s First Digital Desktop Vacuum Former Vaquform is a manually operated vacuum forming machine that can produce industrial-grade plastic moldings while being compact enough to fit on a desktop. Get creative! Create vacuum form designs from your 3D printer, a potato, cardboard, play-doe or everyday objects. Take …Aug 10, 2023 ... OMG my shop teacher had one of these and it was a great little project. Got my first taste of industrial processes. This was a long damn time ...A manually operated vacuum former designed for use in low to mid-level industrial production. Vaquform. Vaquform DT2 Digital Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 1,150 00. Add to Cart. Mayku. Mayku FormBox Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 599 00. Add to Cart.Formech 300DT vacuum former (120V version) $3,090.00. Forming area. 11 x 9.1 in. Depth of draw. 5.4 in. Sheet size. 11.8 x 9.8 in. Compare. Desktop. Formech …Sanding. It is a good idea to sand the surface of your 3D printed mold to help increase the surface quality. In the sample photo, we sanded the surface of the mold until the layer lines could no longer be seen.When sanding your molds, sand in a circular motion. This will give you the smoothest surface finish.Vacuum forming is the simplest thermoforming technique and the one most commonly envisioned when thermoforming is discussed. All thermoforming techniques were once referred to as vacuum forming. Today, the term is applied only to those processes that use vacuum as the force that draws the heated …Below, are the steps and processes involved in vacuum forming. First, a wooden mould is made. This is made in the shape to which the plastic will form around. Often where possible, the mould should have angled edges, in order to allow the tooling to pop out of the plastic when made. The mould is then placed into the …CHECK HERE FOR SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION & PARTS LISTS:https://mattmakesstuff.blogspot.com/2018/06/diy-vacuum-forming-video-guide.html0:00 - Introduction1:10 ...Advertisement ­ ­The vacuum booster is a metal canister that contains a clever valve and a diaphragm. A rod going through the center of the canister connects to the master cylinder...Sep 27, 2011 ... A simple, easy to follow video illustrating the process of using a common vacuum former found in schools. The video also notes the ...Are you struggling to clean your house like you want to, but you just don’t have the time or energy? Don’t worry. There are ways to make cleaning easier and more effective without ...The FormBox Desktop Vacuum Former is a perfect addition to your 3D printing workflow. Expand your production and use new materials! The VaquForm is a manually operated vacuum forming machine designed for use in low to mid-level industrial production. The perfect for your digital fabrication studio.Vacuum forming is a multi-step process that makes it possible to shape and form plastic products to fit any shape, design, or size requirement. The process of vacuum forming is as follows: Making the mold. The vacuum forming process starts with constructing a mold in the shape you want the plastic to take. …CHECK HERE FOR SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION & PARTS LISTS:https://mattmakesstuff.blogspot.com/2018/06/diy-vacuum-forming-video-guide.html0:00 - Introduction1:10 ...Step 5: Plumbing. Plumbing was determined as I went along. The fitting on the air tank is 1/2" female. The fitting on the vacuum pump is 1/4" male. I used 3/4" inner diameter tubing to the platen and 3/8" inner diameter tubing to the vacuum pump. A 1/2" nipple connects the air tank to a 1/2" ball valve.DIY Vacuum Former On The Cheap. Vacuum Forming is a process used to mold plastic into a desired shape. A thin sheet of plastic is heated to a soft state and then air pressure is used to press the ...Vacuum forming is a widely used manufacturing process that involves shaping a thermoplastic sheet into a desired form by applying heat and vacuum pressure. It …Vacuum formers are still fairly rare in our community, so it was a surprise to see that in the 1960s Mattel marketed one as a toy.It used a hot plate to mold plastic sheets into various shapes.Our team of research specialists bought and tested the best upright vacuums on the market to help you make a smart purchase. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View...Vacuum forming and pressure forming are both different types of thermoforming processes. The main difference between pressure forming and vacuum forming is the number of molds that are used. Vacuum forming is the simplest type of plastic thermoforming, that uses one mold and vacuum pressure to obtain the desired …Mayku FormBox 120V: Desktop Vacuum Former | Create Prototypes, Molds and Casts from Your Workplace | Compatible with Any Vacuum Cleaner | …May 23, 2012 ... The air system I showed earlier came next. The pump evacuates an air tank, and the amount of vacuum in the tank is shown on the gauge at the ...Formech 450DT vacuum former (120V version) Quiet and built-in vacuum system, energy-efficient quartz heaters, safety interlock and Mono HMI operating interface of the 450DT will help you achieve consistent formings. Click here to watch the desktop models in action. Free shipping within CONUS. Download spec sheet. Starting at. …We're making a DIY vacuum forming machine and packing it with features not commonly found in DIY builds, so it's safer and easier to use. In part 1, we start...Formach Vacuum Former 300x #17070. used. Manufacturer: Formach Vacuum Former Formach 300 x vacuum former, model 300 x, serial # 31076. Features table top design, former is semi automatic with manual mold lift, plastic sheet locking frame, moveable heater and board forming vacuum pump, max...Only use the machine for vacuum forming plastic. Approved materials are up to a 1/4” thick Styrene, PETG, and ETFE film. Do not place any materials on top of the machine. Use the table next to the machine for staging (and please clean up after use). Use sheet materials that are 18” x 18”, 12”x 12” or 6” x 6”. 7 Formech - Vacuum Forming Guide The Vacuum Forming Process Clamping The clamp frame needs to be sufficiently powerful enough to ensure the plastic sheet is firmly held during the forming process. It can handle the thickest material likely to be formed on the machine – up to 6mm with a single heater and up to 10mm with the twin heater machines. Are you looking for a vacuum cleaner that is specifically designed for your home? In this article, we will provide tips on choosing the perfect Shark vacuum for your needs. Differe...View all Vacuum Forming Machines Desktop. The perfect way to initially approach vacuum forming. All desktop models come with an integrated, quiet vacuum pump, mold release, energy-efficient quartz heaters, safety interlock, and digital timer.Their ease of use makes them the models of choice for anyone, from students to …C R Clarke 725 & 917 Vacuum Former Reducing Frame 490-154. Estimated delivery time - 20 working days. £216.00 £180.00. Add to Basket. C R Clarke 725 Vacuum Former Mobile Stand 490-106C. Estimated delivery time - 10 working days. Add to Basket. C R Clarke 725FLB Vacuum Former 230V 490-152.Sta-Vac II Vacuum Former, 120V AC, w/2 ConverTable Tables ($1,063.79) Sta-Vac II Vacuum Former, 220V AC, w/2 ConverTable Tables ($1,077.15) Replacement ConverTable Table for Sta-Vac II Vacuum Former ($66.22) 【Strong Body and no need external device】 Vacuu3D vacuum former Desktop design saves space, place it every your workspace. Made by aluminum and Iron with industrial design, it is rugged and durable enough. No need to connect any vacuum cleaner or external device. Vacucu3D vacuum former to provide sufficient power for the work. The Formech 300XQ is the world’s leading vacuum forming machine for education, rapid prototyping, and design houses and yet also adaptable to a wide range of applications. Featuring quartz heaters with power saving standby function, digital countdown for consistent cycle times and a 430mm x 280mm (17” x 11”) forming …Mayku FormBox 120V: Desktop Vacuum Former | Create Prototypes, Molds and Casts from Your Workplace | Compatible with Any Vacuum Cleaner | …「Intelligent operation system not only greatly improves the yield rate, but also transforms the complicated vacuum forming into a convenient tool that can be easily used. In addition, the variety of materials used and the recyclability make the equipment more flexible.」- IFSFXartmaker Founder- Victor Chang FORMART 2 ExclusiveVacuum form plastic prototypes, packaging, molds, and scale models using your kitchen oven and a Shop-Vac vacuum cleaner. Parts produced with our Hobby Vacuum Formers rival expensive commercial machines in their incredible accuracy and detail. 24" x 24" Hobby Vacuum Former. Our Price: $329.95. ~ Out of Stock ~. Barwell #C-2, 10" vacuum precision preformer, serial 71612/PPEP. Category: Vacuum Formers and Thermoformers. Seller: Perry Videx LLC. Location: Hainesport, NJ. Mfr: Barwell. Model: C-2. Used approximately 10" diameter Barwell model C-2 vacuum precision preformer. Maximum batch weight 140 pound (65 kg), minimum 15 pound (6.8 kg). Vacuum Forming is a type of thermoforming, where a plastic sheet is heated to its forming temperature, placed onto a single-surface mold, and pulled to the mold by vacuum tubes. This process is great for projects …Feb 27, 2019 ... How to Make a Vacuum Former · You can download all the 3D printable parts from Thingiverse. · Print one vacuum cork. · Print two dowel caps.Vacuum Former: This is my first version of a vacuum former and if you skip to the last stem you see why I needed to make some changes. The new version is here Vacuum Former 2 A vacuum forming machine is used form plastic sheet into the shape of a mold. Vacuum f…Pressure Forming: For better surface detail and texture, and for parts with significant depth of draw or undercuts, pressure forming is the solution. Using vacuum pressure to draw material against the surface of the mold, pressure forming adds positive air pressure against the backside of the plastic to push the resin even more tightly against ...Large vacuum formers are super awesome, but can't just be purchased like other equipment. Bill teaches you how to make your very own large vacuum former usin...View all Vacuum Forming Machines Desktop. The perfect way to initially approach vacuum forming. All desktop models come with an integrated, quiet vacuum pump, mold release, energy-efficient quartz heaters, safety interlock, and digital timer.Their ease of use makes them the models of choice for anyone, from students to …A manually operated vacuum former designed for use in low to mid-level industrial production. Vaquform. Vaquform DT2 Digital Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 1,150 00. Add to Cart. Mayku. Mayku FormBox Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 599 00. Add to Cart.At Belovac Engineering.. We offer, time proven, industry-tested vacuum and thermoforming technology. With over 30+ years of designing and developing the most reliable vacuum forming machine in the industry, we would encourage you, our new customer to review this site and take time to visit our YouTube station where you will see one of the largest …The compact pressure moulding unit MINISTAR S® equipped with scanning technology: scanner reads the coded material, allowing programming of all important parameters such as heating time, temperature and cooling time. In other words: precise pressure moulding results are reached in record time thanks to the …A manually operated vacuum former designed for use in low to mid-level industrial production. Vaquform. Vaquform DT2 Digital Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 1,150 00. Add to Cart. Mayku. Mayku FormBox Desktop Vacuum Former. $ 599 00. Add to Cart.Step 5: The Platen. The Platen is the surface on which the molds are placed and on which the plastic forms a seal for the vacuum. There are many different platen designs but most are designed with many small holes that the air is pulled through to create the vacuum. My platen follows this design.USA Dental Vacuum Forming Molding Machine Former System for Orthodontic Retainer. Opens in a new window or tab. $127.88. dentex2019 (1,301) 100%. Save up to 7% when you buy more. Dental Vacuum Former Molding Thermoforming Machine Equipment Machine 110V. Opens in a new window or tab. $127.88.Only use the machine for vacuum forming plastic. Approved materials are up to a 1/4” thick Styrene, PETG, and ETFE film. Do not place any materials on top of the machine. Use the table next to the machine for staging (and please clean up after use). Use sheet materials that are 18” x 18”, 12”x 12” or 6” x 6”.Dental Vacuum Forming Machine, 350W Lab Heat Thermoforming Material Former Equipment with Steel Balls and Forming Sheet, Ideal for Clinical Trials. £2,75999. Get it Saturday, 13 Jan - Friday, 19 Jan. £20.00 delivery. New listing QVAC PC1824 Vacuum Former Control Board - GHB-51. £163.95. £23.85 postage. 30 sheets clear PET vacuum forming plastic 500MM by 320MM 0.20mm vacuum former . Cleaning your home has never been so easy thanks to all the Shark vacuums on the market. But with so many to choose from, how do you pick the right one? Get started with our compre...Pro-Vac. The base of this machine is made from super strong, lightweight space-age thermoplastic material that is designed for high temperature application. The plastic housing dampens vibrations better than traditional cast aluminum, which results in a quieter unit. The Pro-Vac operates at the same superior level as the Machine III. …Oct 12, 2023 · Vacuum forming is ideal for simpler designs and shallow molds, while pressure forming is better suited for complex and detailed parts. Speed: Vacuum forming tends to be quicker due to its simplicity, making it ideal for high-volume production. Pressure forming might take longer but results in a higher-quality finish. Formech 508FS vacuum former. Formech’s 508FS (Floor-Standing) machine offers significant advantages over the desktop series with pre-stretch and auto-level features, and a much more powerful flow rate for demanding applications. Click here to watch the floor-standing models in action.

How To: Use a Vacuum Former to Rapidly Create Unique Products | MatterHackers. Extruding plastic isn't the only way you can have a manufacturing tool on your desktop; thermo …. Croissant pizza

vacuum former

Vacuum Former. At FABLAB RUC we have a Formech Vacuum Forming Machine 508DT. This is a guide on how to use the machine. The following section explains the 508DT vacuum forming process: 1. Pull the Heater forwards over the clamped plastic. 2. As the plastic heats up it may begin to rise slightly. It …Oct 14, 2021 · Vacuum forming and pressure forming are both different types of thermoforming processes. The main difference between pressure forming and vacuum forming is the number of molds that are used. Vacuum forming is the simplest type of plastic thermoforming, that uses one mold and vacuum pressure to obtain the desired part geometry. Specification · Machine Size:625(W) x 534(H) x 476(D)mm · Weight:25Kg · Power: 100-120VAC@1500W or 220-240VAC@1700Watt · Display:3.5” 480*320 full color...This machine is used to process bleaching trays, sports mouthguards, implant splints, temporary splints, custom impression trays, denture bases, copings, ...Vacuum forming is a subset of thermoforming. It utilizes a vacuum to remove air between the heated plastic sheet and the mold, causing the material to conform to the mold’s shape. This method is often chosen for creating items with shallow depth or larger surface areas, such as trays, panels, and covers. The Thermoforming … 「Intelligent operation system not only greatly improves the yield rate, but also transforms the complicated vacuum forming into a convenient tool that can be easily used. In addition, the variety of materials used and the recyclability make the equipment more flexible.」- IFSFXartmaker Founder- Victor Chang FORMART 2 Exclusive STEP 1: Secure your thermoform plastic between the Hobby Vacuum Former's metal clamping frames with the included spring clips. Attach your vacuum cleaner (not included) to the vacuum former. Place your mold on top of the vacuum former's perforated metal top. STEP 2: Place the thermoform plastic in a kitchen oven and watch as it begins to sag ...Formech 1250 vacuum former (US spec) Formech 1250/1500 series comes with an electric heater drive, pneumatic table and clamping, providing effortless operation, whilst the vacuum tank system fitted as standard facilitates ultra-fast response for demanding applications and fast cycle times. While Formech 1250 forms 49"x49" …Vacuum Former. At FABLAB RUC we have a Formech Vacuum Forming Machine 508DT. This is a guide on how to use the machine. The following section explains the 508DT vacuum forming process: 1. Pull the Heater forwards over the clamped plastic. 2. As the plastic heats up it may begin to rise slightly. It …5 times the force, 20 times more detail than vacuum forming Learn more Get a quote. Vacuum Formed Pressure Formed. Vacuum Formed Pressure Formed. Material compatibility. The Multiplier can handle a wide range of thermoplastic materials. Choose the best material for your application without compromising on precision.Are you in need of vacuum replacement parts? Whether it’s a broken belt, a worn-out filter, or a malfunctioning motor, finding the right replacement parts for your vacuum can be a ...Formech 300DT vacuum former (120V version) $3,090.00. Forming area. 11 x 9.1 in. Depth of draw. 5.4 in. Sheet size. 11.8 x 9.8 in. Compare. Desktop. Formech …Desktop vacuum forming and pressure forming are versatile and cost-effective ways to create custom molds and products - plus, they are easy and fun to use! How To: Understand the Basics of Thermoforming. …Vacuum forming is a subset of thermoforming. It utilizes a vacuum to remove air between the heated plastic sheet and the mold, causing the material to conform to the mold’s shape. This method is often chosen for creating items with shallow depth or larger surface areas, such as trays, panels, and covers. The Thermoforming …As one of the UK’s leading vacuum forming manufacturers, we boast a large range of machinery and over 150 years of combined experience. With 7 vacuum forming and 3 state-of-the-art CNC machines, our capabilities are extensive. Our impressive machinery matched with our unparalleled knowledge and experience means we …Nov 10, 2022 ... I worked in a vacuum firm factory as a tool maker making vac form and pressure form tooling. All parts needed to be prototyped and signed off ....

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