Small towns in italy - Are you dreaming of a trip to Italy that takes you beyond the typical tourist destinations? Look no further than Northern Italy, a region filled with breathtaking landscapes, charm...

 
If you’re looking to tack on some small Italian towns to your Rome visit, Nemi and Castel Gandolfo are the perfect pair. Sunset in Comacchio, enjoying aperitivo …. Travel ai

1. Rome. Rome. Just hearing the name conjures up some of the most famous landmarks in the world…the Colosseum, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican. The history here spans 28 centuries, making Rome one of the oldest inhabited cites in Europe (and one of the best places to visit in Italy).Mar 22, 2018 · Italy is much more than grand museums and Baroque churches. While Florence’s Uffizi Gallery and Rome’s marble-filled basilicas should be on any world traveler’s bucket list, the country’s small towns have plenty of homespun beauty that's very different from the Renaissance masterworks and gilt-covered spires found in the big cities. 5 Gorgeous Small Towns in Italy. 1. Savona: Right up in the northern region of Liguria, Savona is a town that is becoming popular with cruise ships that travel in the Mediterranean. You might get put off with it’s ugly modern side like I did, but move towards the centre and get ready to be charmed with it’s alleys as any other Italian city!Are you dreaming of a trip to Italy that takes you beyond the typical tourist destinations? Look no further than Northern Italy, a region filled with breathtaking landscapes, charm...5) Comacchio. This is one of Emilia Romagna’s true, offbeat highlights. Comacchio is a small town in the province of Ferrara, in the heart of the Po Delta – where land and river mix, and land crumbles away in a water wonderland. Comacchio is built on thirteen islands, and just like Venice, it has canals instead of streets. The Trepponti at ...The second smallest out of all the Italy beach towns of Cinque Terre, Manarola is famous for Sciacchetrà. This is a sweet and delicious dessert wine that you will never forget once you taste it. Only 350 people live in this town, and most people who come to stay at Manarola do it to hike in one of the best Italy seaside towns.Valeggio Sul Mincio. Miriam, Miry Giramondo. Valeggio sul Mincio is a village located in Veneto on the riverside of the river Mincio, about 30 km away from Verona. The peculiarity is to be formed by two villages reunited Valeggio and Borghetto that is part of the most beautiful villages in Italy.Oct 9, 2023 ... Smaller cities such as San Gimignano, Alberobello, and Sorrento may host smaller populations than the larger Italian meccas of Florence and Rome ...Feb 10, 2023 · Tropea. Aerial view of Tropea coastline in Calabria, Italy. Located on the east coast of Calabria, Tropea is a small town best known for its historic clifftop center and sandy beaches. The 500-mile coastline offers a view of three beautiful waterways, including the Tyrrhenian, the Strait of Messina, and the Ionian Sea. Aug 1, 2020 ... 10 small towns in Italy you must visit · 3. Crema, even beautiful after Call Me by Your Name. Luca Guadagnino's Call Me by Your Name has put ...This guide to the 24 Most Enchanting Small Towns in Italy are just what slow travelers are looking for, tailor made for those travelers looking to explore Italy’s …Lake Caldonazzo, Italy – 10 Things to Do Around Italy’s Largest Lake. 8 Lakes in Trentino, Italy You Have to See for Yourself (With Map and Practical Tips) 7. San Martino di Castrozza. San Martino di Castrozza is a beautiful town in Trentino, Italy. In winter it becomes a bustling ski resort.Bologna is definitely one of those small towns in Northern Italy where you could spend all day exploring! Find a place to stay in Bologna. 3. Burano. It’s a short day trip to Burano from Venice, but a picturesque day trip to one of the best places to visit in northern Italy nevertheless.These are the best, must-see towns and cities in Tuscany: 1. Florence. Firenze (Florence) is the cultural capital of Italy with a great collection of some of the most famous art in the world. Without a doubt, Florence is one of the most beautiful places in Italy and the best town in Tuscany region. No matter how much time you have in Tuscany ...12 Small Towns in Italy That Look Like Storybook Villages. These breathtaking towns are very much real. Tremezzo is located in the province of Como. …Grottaferrata. Speaking of charming villages in Rome Metropolitan Area, we just have to mention Grottaferrata. This is a small village located in the Castelli Romani area and a perfect place for people looking to get away from Rome’s busy streets. The main sights in the village include the charming old town dotted with cobblestone streets and ...Map of Italy and its major cities. The following is a list of Italian municipalities with a population over 50,000.The table below contains the cities populations as of 31 December 2021, as estimated by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, and the cities census population from the 2011 Italian Census. Cities in bold are regional capitals.Best Small Towns in italy: Tuscany. Siena. One of the most popular hill towns in Italy, Siena is a must-visit on any Tuscany itinerary. Whether you spend just one day in Siena, or you stay a few days, the town will charm you. Siena’s cathedral is stunning.Less than a century ago, Gargnano – this small town on Italy’s largest lake – played a role in the politics of Italy. Between 1943 and 1945, the western shores of Lake Garda were part of the Italian Social Republic. Also known as the Republic of Salo’, this was a fascist state led by Mussolini under the protection of Nazi Germany.Pisa is a thriving city with a renowned university, excellent healthcare (it is one of the best cities for healthcare in Italy), and everything is extremely affordable there. Pisa is also very similar to Florence in terms of ambiance, and like Florence, is located along the Arno River. Florence: $520 per square foot.Mondello coastal town in Sicily, image by Franz Republic @Unsplash. 11. Ortygia (Ortigia) An architectural gem, the beating heart of Syracuse- 1km long and 500-meter wide pedestrian-only Ortygia island is considered one of the most beautiful small coastal towns in Sicily.Reggio Emilia is often associated with a unique approach to early childhood education. However, it is essential to clarify that Reggio Emilia is not a theorist but rather a philoso...The small towns and villages of Friuli-Venezia Giulia offer a diverse range of insights into the heritage and country life of this pretty northern Italian region. Wedged between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea, Friuli-Venezia Giulia is an oft-overlooked region in the north-eastern corner of Italy. It spans mountainous and maritime regions, where Roman roots […]5) Comacchio. This is one of Emilia Romagna’s true, offbeat highlights. Comacchio is a small town in the province of Ferrara, in the heart of the Po Delta – where land and river mix, and land crumbles away in a water wonderland. Comacchio is built on thirteen islands, and just like Venice, it has canals instead of streets. The Trepponti at ...These are our top 10 small towns in the Chianti to help you organise your trip. Chianti 10 Top Towns to visit 1. Radda in chianti. The hilltop town of Radda in Chianti was once the Capital of the ‘Chianti League’. In a way, this is still true today as few towns in the Chianti can match Radda’s charming Medieval layout.Reggio Emilia is often associated with a unique approach to early childhood education. However, it is essential to clarify that Reggio Emilia is not a theorist but rather a philoso...There’s also Amalfi with its 9th century Duomo, as well as nearby Atrami, where citrus terraces, flower-filled gardens and old buildings climb uphill from the sands. The islands of Sardinia, Elba, Levanzo and Sicily are also home to some of the best coastal towns of Italy. Cagliari offers Roman remains, appealing beaches and golden domes.La Morra has this fantastic piazza, Piazza Castello, that has awesome views to the surrounding landscape. You can’t miss it. Naturally, there are some other sites that make it one of the best towns in Piedmont. You’ll find Chiesa di San Sebastiano, Torre Campanaria di La Morra and one of my favorites, Chiesa San Martino.There’s also Amalfi with its 9th century Duomo, as well as nearby Atrami, where citrus terraces, flower-filled gardens and old buildings climb uphill from the sands. The islands of Sardinia, Elba, Levanzo and Sicily are also home to some of the best coastal towns of Italy. Cagliari offers Roman remains, appealing beaches and golden domes.In Italy, the definition of a city is any location with more than 50,000 inhabitants, but in reality we tend to only consider a place “a city” when it nears 100,000 people. Download the PDF Get immediate access to this lesson's accompanying PDF with detailed Summary Notes & practice Exercises with answers!Oct 9, 2023 ... Smaller cities such as San Gimignano, Alberobello, and Sorrento may host smaller populations than the larger Italian meccas of Florence and Rome ...Some of Italy’s most beautiful landscapes are found in the country’s scenic small towns and villages, where you can live surrounded by picturesque coastline, impressive mountains, valleys ...Badolato is a charming medieval borgo (the Italian name for a small town) that is deep-rooted in history and one of the most beautiful towns in Calabria. It was the Norman adventurer Robert Guiscard – famous for his conquest of southern Italy and Sicily – who commissioned the building of the hilltop castle in 1080.Beyond Florence: Small Towns to Visit in Central Italy and Things to Do. While Florence is known to food and wine lovers the world over, and is renowned for its art museums, shopping, and breathtaking sunsets atop Piazzale Michelangelo (if you’re into any of these, book hop-on-hop-off bus tours), many of the region’s treasures lie beyond …2. San Gimignano. Visit this town in Tuscany, southwest of Florence, for its medieval architecture. Sitting on a hill, you will notice from afar the multiple medieval towers rising like a skyline. The old town square, the Piazza della Cisterna, is also ringed by medieval houses. The town itself is like a fortress, encircled by walls dating back ...Jun 24, 2022 · Pisa is a thriving city with a renowned university, excellent healthcare (it is one of the best cities for healthcare in Italy), and everything is extremely affordable there. Pisa is also very similar to Florence in terms of ambiance, and like Florence, is located along the Arno River. Florence: $520 per square foot. Minori, Salerno. Minori, situated around 3.5 kilometers east of the idyllic Amalfi Coast, is one of Italy's pasta hotspots. Much more popular with Italian ...In a rustic corner of southern Italy, Puglia is known for its pretty towns and beautiful beaches. Traditional trullo houses, gnarly olive groves and clifftop villages perched above the Adriatic dot the region. These are our 10 favourite towns to add to any Puglia itinerary – with insider tips on where to find the best coffee, the loveliest hotels in Puglia …Jan 31, 2021 · Think rates starting as low as €7,500 ($9,000) and going up to €13,000 ($15,778). (It has also sparked a copycat trend, with two other villages in Italy announcing plans to sell ready-to-move ... Discover the flavors of Italy’s foodie towns. 6. Ostuni. Located in the heart of Puglia, Ostuni offers the best of many worlds as far as charming Italian towns go. It’s just minutes away from the beach, making it one of the best small coastal towns in Italy. It’s also a picturesque hilltop town, painted in shades of white, blue, and green ...Bordighera. Bordighera is a city of Liguria Ponente not to be missed: beautiful and elegant Bordighera is also known as Perla del Ponente Ligure. Its strategic location, just 20 minutes from Nice airport, makes it the perfect destination to spend a week or two discovering the western Ligurian and Côte d’azur.9 Most Charming Towns in Italy. Sure, cities like Rome, Florence, Venice, and Milan have timeless appeal, but you’d be remiss not to squeeze in detours to Italy’s smaller towns, where life still revolves around family, farm-to-table isn’t a buzzword but a way of life, and impeccably preserved buildings make you feel like you’ve walked ...Feb 7, 2024 ... Sorrento is an almost perfect blend of little streets and stunning history – it's one of the ...Milan is Lombardy’s capital and also Italy’s wealthiest city. This is a hustling and bustling metropolis where you can certainly feel the modern heart of Italy beating a frenetic drum. In comparison with other smaller Italian cities and towns, at a first glance, Milan may seem a bit grey, rough around the edges, and even a tad uninspiring.Scilla, Calabria. Boats along the coast in Scilla, Italy. Calabria, the southern Italian region with Greek origins, is in the shadow of neighboring Sicily. Its shining gems, like Scilla, have beauty and tales left for the most curious to uncover without the crowds. Scilla is the small town that Homer wrote about "falling from Charybdis into ...Feb 24, 2024 · From Campania to Umbria, retirees can find small towns like Ravello and Lugnano in Teverina with rich histories, stunning views, and unique culinary traditions. Whether retirees prefer lakeside living in Bellagio or seaside relaxation in Cetara, Italy offers a variety of picturesque towns for retirees to enjoy a peaceful, sun-filled retirement ... (RTTNews) - Italy's consumer confidence moderated in May from a 14-month high, survey results from the statistical office Istat showed on Friday. ... (RTTNews) - Italy's consumer c...7. Pacentro. Region: Abruzzo. Population: 1,279. Abruzzo has long been considered one of the most beautiful towns in Italy. This well-preserved medieval town is nestled in the rugged Abruzzo region, known for its national parks and mountains. Within the town, one can easily get lost wandering its narrow stone streets.Daydreaming about packing up and moving somewhere new? A small town in Italy can help make those dreams a reality. Presicce, which is situated in the Puglia region of Italy’s southern peninsula ...In a rustic corner of southern Italy, Puglia is known for its pretty towns and beautiful beaches. Traditional trullo houses, gnarly olive groves and clifftop villages perched above the Adriatic dot the region. These are our 10 favourite towns to add to any Puglia itinerary – with insider tips on where to find the best coffee, the loveliest hotels in Puglia …Brisighella, Ravenna. A charming old fortress in Brisighella. Brisighella is not just your typical charming small village of around 7,100 residents, between the …Bari. Another of the country’s better value cities is Bari, located in the southeast of the country on the Adriatic coast, perfect for enjoying summer in Italy.It lies in the popular Apulia region, one of the best places to live in Italy for foreigners, particularly those looking for much cheaper rental prices and living costs than you find in cities such …5) Comacchio. This is one of Emilia Romagna’s true, offbeat highlights. Comacchio is a small town in the province of Ferrara, in the heart of the Po Delta – where land and river mix, and land crumbles away in a water wonderland. Comacchio is built on thirteen islands, and just like Venice, it has canals instead of streets. The Trepponti at ...V56162 l €680,000 l Cortona, Tuscany. Beautifully Restored Townhouse With Terrace In Cortona. A finely restored 186 sqm townhouse with 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a 200 sqm private courtyard and a large panoramic terrace a few steps from the centre of Cortona. L-08 l €149,000 l near Lajatico, Tuscany.Are you dreaming of owning a luxurious villa in Italy? With its stunning landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture, it’s no wonder that Italy is a top destination for those loo...Jan 31, 2023 · Fortunately, the excellent ‘ I Borghi Più Belli d’Italia ’ (Italy’s Most Beautiful Towns) publishes an official list of Italy’s most special places with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants, a ... The Renaissance started in Italy because there were small breaks in the Christendom atmosphere and environment that had previously shaped Italy, which led to a freedom and independ...Matera – $1,143. Cosenza – $1,000. Crotone – $1,292. Reggio Calabria – $968. Catanzaro – $1,173. Syracuse – $1,308. Alessandria – $1,108. Cities in the southern provinces are the least expensive places expats can find in Italy. In some of them, a comfortable lifestyle is accessible at around $1,000 per month.Most tourists in Italy flock to the country's major attractions and cities, paying homage to the wonders of Rome, Florence and Venice.They are, of course, must-see destinations.But once the major cities have been explored, travelers should take the less traveled path to discover Italy's tiny towns, dotting mountainsides and valleys.Discover 50 charming and picturesque small towns in Italy, from Tuscany to Sicily, with tips from travel writers and photographers. Find out where to stay, what to eat, and what to see in each town.Oct 9, 2023 ... Smaller cities such as San Gimignano, Alberobello, and Sorrento may host smaller populations than the larger Italian meccas of Florence and Rome ...It is one of the coldest and rainiest provincial capitals in the country too. Rainfall, however, tends to be a lot heavier during the summer, so visiting in wintertime should be a far nicer experience. 6. Cortina d’Ampezzo. Cortina is quite possibly the most famous mountain town in Italy, and for good reason.12 Best Small Towns In Italy That You Should Surely Visit. Advertisement. Home. Destinations. Check Out 12 Of The Best Small Towns In Italy For Your Next …If you’re looking to tack on some small Italian towns to your Rome visit, Nemi and Castel Gandolfo are the perfect pair. Sunset in Comacchio, enjoying aperitivo …Valeggio Sul Mincio. Miriam, Miry Giramondo. Valeggio sul Mincio is a village located in Veneto on the riverside of the river Mincio, about 30 km away from Verona. The peculiarity is to be formed by two villages reunited Valeggio and Borghetto that is part of the most beautiful villages in Italy.With a population of just over 50k, Tivoli packs a punch with villas, archaeological sites, thermal baths, listed buildings and many great places to eat. Tivoli ...May 22, 2019 ... Chianalea di Scilla: Situated at the tip of Italy's boot, this fishing village is known as the "little Venice of Calabria." ... <strong>Scanno:...Another small Italian town to add to your list is Monteriggioni. Located in the region of Tuscany, Monteriggioni is a walled town with a special magic. Most travelers visit Pisa, Siena, Montepulciano, Volterra but this Tuscan town is usually missed. The walled village has an old world feel with its small piazza and characteristic streets.Beyond Florence: Small Towns to Visit in Central Italy and Things to Do. While Florence is known to food and wine lovers the world over, and is renowned for its art museums, shopping, and breathtaking sunsets atop Piazzale Michelangelo (if you’re into any of these, book hop-on-hop-off bus tours), many of the region’s treasures lie beyond …Discover 50 charming and picturesque small towns in Italy, from Tuscany to Sicily, with tips from travel writers and photographers. Find out where to stay, what to eat, and what to see in each town.The Bolognese culture also distinguishes this town from others in Italy; for example, in 2006, Unesco selected Bologna as a “city of music”. 8. Positano. Located in the Salerno province, Positano is a village situated on the Amalfi Coast, with crystal blue waters and cliffs that drop into the sea.The small towns and villages of Friuli-Venezia Giulia offer a diverse range of insights into the heritage and country life of this pretty northern Italian region. Wedged between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea, Friuli-Venezia Giulia is an oft-overlooked region in the north-eastern corner of Italy. It spans mountainous and maritime regions, where Roman roots […]In short, we do not use the word VILLAGGIO when talking about any town, as little as it may be! VILLAGGIO does mean “ village ” but it's only used to describe a “tribal village”, the kind we would imagine when talking about history, Roman conquerors etc. We basically have no “ VILLAGGI ” in Italy! But I've heard Italians say ...May 9, 2022 · However, outside of the major cities like Rome, Milan, and Florence, many small towns with plenty of old-world charm and rustic beauty that highlight a different side of Italy is sometimes overlooked by tourists. This article looks at 11 of the most charming small towns in Italy. Castemola The Taormina historic site near Catemola. Pitigliano is one of Tuscany’s famous ‘Tufa’ towns, which are towns that have been carved from volcanic (or ‘tufaceous’) rock. Pitigliano is the most recognisable Tufa town in Tuscany, in part due to the dramatic setting it occupies atop a particularly elevated and prominent rocky outcrop.Daydreaming about packing up and moving somewhere new? A small town in Italy can help make those dreams a reality. Presicce, which is situated in the Puglia region of Italy’s southern peninsula ...There are currently 313 villages recognized as the borghi più belli d’Italia, and each one proudly displays the association’s logo. From north to south, here are our picks of the 12 most beautiful small towns in Italy. 1. Tremezzo. Location: Lombardia, 90 minutes from Milan.Feb 10, 2023 · Tropea. Aerial view of Tropea coastline in Calabria, Italy. Located on the east coast of Calabria, Tropea is a small town best known for its historic clifftop center and sandy beaches. The 500-mile coastline offers a view of three beautiful waterways, including the Tyrrhenian, the Strait of Messina, and the Ionian Sea. 7. Pacentro. Region: Abruzzo. Population: 1,279. Abruzzo has long been considered one of the most beautiful towns in Italy. This well-preserved medieval town is nestled in the rugged Abruzzo region, known for its national parks and mountains. Within the town, one can easily get lost wandering its narrow stone streets.

When looking for ideal beautiful towns and villages in Northern Italy be sure to add the delightful little town of Castelfranco to your list. Famed for its; old square the first thing you’ll see is giant medieval walls which are a prominent part of the main town that surrounds the square, Piazza Giorgione. Castelfranco Veneto in Veneto - Italy. Friskies wet food

small towns in italy

Oct 15, 2015 ... 5 Must-See Small Towns In Italy ; Gubbio · Relias Castello di Petroia, Park Hotel Ai Cappuccini, ; Ravenna · Hotel Centrale Byron · Albergo Ca...Most tourists in Italy flock to the country's major attractions and cities, paying homage to the wonders of Rome, Florence and Venice.They are, of course, must-see destinations.But once the major cities have been explored, travelers should take the less traveled path to discover Italy's tiny towns, dotting mountainsides and valleys.Bellagio. Bellagio, located 70 km due North of Milan, is a truly enchanting little town that is both a rich cultural hub and a popular destination for tourists who want to get off the regular beaten path. The town sits on the shores of Lake Como and, in fact, it’s so beautiful that it has been nicknamed ‘The Pearl of Lake Como’!Italy is much more than grand museums and Baroque churches. While Florence’s Uffizi Gallery and Rome’s marble-filled basilicas should be on any world traveler’s bucket list, the country’s small towns have plenty of homespun beauty that's very different from the Renaissance masterworks and gilt-covered spires found in the big cities.18 Small Towns in Italy to Visit. Mantua, Lombardy. Spello, Umbria. Ostuni, Puglia. Orvieto, Umbria. Rocca di Papa, Lazio. Bassano del Grappa, Veneto. Matera, Basilicata. Castiglion Fiorentino, Tuscany. Bibione, Veneto. Lecce, Puglia. Polignano a Mare, Puglia. Andalo, Trentino. Maratea, Potenza. Cremona, Lombardy. Montefioralle, Tuscany.Small towns of Italy: Civita di Bagnoregio. The small town of Civita di Bagnoregio on the top of the cliff has stunningly preserved its medieval appearance. Here you can see a church built in the 5th century, an old mill and a bishop’s palace. The city was founded by the Etruscans 2500 years ago, but over the centuries it has experienced ...World Map » Italy » Large Detailed Map Of Italy With Cities And Towns. Large detailed map of Italy with cities and towns Click to see large. Description: This map ... For any website, blog, scientific research or e-book, you must place a hyperlink (to this page) with an attribution next to the image used. Last Updated: November 10, 2023. …If so, a village or a small town is better, like Camogli, Tropea or Spello. Parma and Lecce are cities and well connected by train (especially ...Brisighella, Ravenna. A charming old fortress in Brisighella. Brisighella is not just your typical charming small village of around 7,100 residents, between the … The walls hug the entire town and provide amazing views of the rooftops, bell towers, and the surrounding Apennine mountains, a standout among the small towns in Italy near Florence. Small towns of Italy: Civita di Bagnoregio. The small town of Civita di Bagnoregio on the top of the cliff has stunningly preserved its medieval appearance. Here you can see a church built in the 5th century, an old mill and a bishop’s palace. The city was founded by the Etruscans 2500 years ago, but over the centuries it has experienced ...In Italy, the definition of a city is any location with more than 50,000 inhabitants, but in reality we tend to only consider a place “a city” when it nears 100,000 people. Download the PDF Get immediate access to this lesson's accompanying PDF with detailed Summary Notes & practice Exercises with answers!Mondello coastal town in Sicily, image by Franz Republic @Unsplash. 11. Ortygia (Ortigia) An architectural gem, the beating heart of Syracuse- 1km long and 500-meter wide pedestrian-only Ortygia island is considered one of the most beautiful small coastal towns in Sicily.Manarola, Cinque Terre. Manarola is one of Italy’s most recognisable small towns. Located in the Riomaggiore commune in the La Spezia provence, Manarola is the second-smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns. The town was once part of the Republic of Genoa, when it was home to a castle and watchtower to protect the city and region from …In Italy, the definition of a city is any location with more than 50,000 inhabitants, but in reality we tend to only consider a place “a city” when it nears 100,000 people. Download the PDF Get immediate access to this lesson's accompanying PDF with detailed Summary Notes & practice Exercises with answers!19 Beautiful Small Towns in Italy to Plan Your Next Trip Around. From Sicilian seaside escapes to Tuscan hamlets. By CNT …Small towns of Italy: Civita di Bagnoregio. The small town of Civita di Bagnoregio on the top of the cliff has stunningly preserved its medieval appearance. Here you can see a church built in the 5th century, an old mill and a bishop’s palace. The city was founded by the Etruscans 2500 years ago, but over the centuries it has experienced ...20. Sirmione. Sirmione is one of the most beautiful Italian towns around Lake Garda. It’s located on the south shore of the lake, and its historic center is built on a long peninsula stretching out on the lake. Sirmione is one of those small towns in Italy that has all the magic for a perfect holiday. Most tourists in Italy flock to the country's major attractions and cities, paying homage to the wonders of Rome, Florence and Venice. They are, of course, must-see destinations. But once the major cities have been explored, travelers should take the less traveled path to discover Italy's tiny towns, dotting mountainsides and valleys. .

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